ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉ 2024/ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ 2024

ⴰⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ

ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ 2024

ⴰⵎⵣⵉⵣⵡⵔ ⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉ 2024

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ 2024

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵙⴽⵍⵜ

ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵔⵔⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ! ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⴰⵍⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵏⵡⴰⴷⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⵎ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ. ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵎ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔⵎ ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵎ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵥⵕⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ.

ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ

ⵔⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ.

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ}}

ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵀⵉⵏⵔⵉ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	28 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1955 ⵙⵢⴰⵜⵍ, ⵡⴰⵛⵉⵏⵟⵓⵏ, ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ	ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ ⴰⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽ (ⴰⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⴰⵛⴰⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ)
ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ/ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ	ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ (1994- ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ)
ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ	ⵊⵉⵏⵉⴼⵔ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ, ⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ, ⴼⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⴷⵉⵍ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ	ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⴼⵔⴷ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ	ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ (ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ) ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ
ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ	ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ
ⴰⴳⵍⴰ	▲ US$79.8 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ (ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2015)
ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉ 2024/ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ 2024
ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ
ⴰⵙⵉⵜ	ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ.

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ
|ⵓⵣⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ  =  
|ⵉⵙⵎ  =  ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵀⵉⵏⵔⵉ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ
|ⵓⴹⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ  =  
|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  =  Bill Gates in WEF, 2007.jpg
|ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴼⵜ  =  
|ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  =  
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ    =    {{ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ|1955|10|28}}
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ    =  [[ⵙⵢⴰⵜⵍ, ⵡⴰⵛⵉⵏⵟⵓⵏ|ⵙⵢⴰⵜⵍ]], [[ⵡⴰⵛⵉⵏⵟⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ|ⵡⴰⵛⵉⵏⵟⵓⵏ]], [[ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ|ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ]]
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ   =  
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ   =  
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ   =  
|ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ    =    {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|USA|ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ}}
|ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ  =  
|ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ  =  [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⴼⵔⴷ]] 
|ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ  =  
|ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ  =  ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ [[ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ|ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ]] (ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ) <br/>ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ|ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ]]
|ⵉⵙⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ   =  1975- ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ  =  ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ [[ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ|ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ]] 
|ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ  =  
|ⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ  =  
|ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ  =  [[ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ]] (1994- ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ) 
|ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ  =  ⵊⵉⵏⵉⴼⵔ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ, ⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ, ⴼⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⴷⵉⵍ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ
|ⴰⴳⵍⴰ  =   {{ⵜⴰⵍⵢⴰ}} US$79.8 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ (ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2015)
|ⴰⵙⴳⴷ   =   [[ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ]] [[ⴰⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽ]] (ⴰⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⴰⵛⴰⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ)
|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ  =  
|ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ  =  Bill Gates signature.svg
|ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ  =  <br/>[http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/default.mspx ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵔⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ]<br/>
[http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵜⵙ].
|ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ  =  
}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ}}

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵜⵕⵥⴰⵏⵉⵏ
الأجنحة المتكسرة
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ
ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵢ	ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ
ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ	دار إحياء العلوم (ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵃⵢⴰ' ⴰⵍⵄⵓⵍⵓⵎ)
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏ	ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ
ⵜⴰⵏⴽⴷⴰ
ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ	95
ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ
ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ	ⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎ
ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ	ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

{{ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵜⵕⵥⴰⵏⵉⵏ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ  = الأجنحة المتكسرة
| ⴰⵎⵙⴰⴳⴳⵯ = 
| ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ = [[ⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎ]]
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = 
| ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵢ  = [[ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ]]
| ⴰⵎⵙⵡⵍⴼ = 
| ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵎⵓⵙ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ = 
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ = [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]
| ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉ  = 
| ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ  = 
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏ  = ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ
| ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ  = (ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵃⵢⴰ' ⴰⵍⵄⵓⵍⵓⵎ) دار إحياء العلوم
| ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ  = [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⴼⵖⵜ  = 
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ = 2024
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ = 95
| ⴰⵙⵖⴰⵍ = 
| ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵍ =
| ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴼⵓⵕ = 
}}

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵟⵟⵉⴼⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ
ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: The Moonstone
ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 1868 ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 1868
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ
ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵢ	ⵡⵉⵍⴽⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵉⵏⵣ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ
ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ	Tinsley Brothers
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ	1868

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = The Moonstone 1st ed.jpg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 1868
| ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵢ = [[ⵡⵉⵍⴽⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵉⵏⵣ]]
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = [[ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ]]
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ   = [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: The Moonstone
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|UK|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ}}
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ  = 
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ = [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]
| ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ = Tinsley Brothers
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ = 1868
| isbn    =
| ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ = 
| ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ = 
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ = 
| ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ =
| ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵎⵓⵙ =
| ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉ = 
| ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ = 
| isbn ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ   =
| ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ =
| ⴰⵎⴹⴼⵓⵕ =
}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ}}

ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰ 1982
ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ. ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ.
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ	ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ, ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ	ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ	4 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1982 ⴰⵔ 6 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1982
ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ	ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵜ
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ	ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏ G7
ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ	ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ, ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ
ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ
ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ 1981 ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ 1983

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰ 1982
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = Château de Versailles depuis la cour d'honneur - 13 juillet 2011 - DSC 0069.jpg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = [[ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ.
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰ (ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ)|G7]]
| ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ = ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵜ
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ = [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]]
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ = [[ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ]], [[ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ]]
| ⴰⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ= 48.804794
| ⴰⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ= 2.120372
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ = 4 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1982 ⴰⵔ 6 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1982
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = [[ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ]], [[ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]], [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]], [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ]], [[ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ]], [[ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ]]
| ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵡⵉⵔⵜ = [[ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰ 1981|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ 1981]]
| ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⴹⴼⵉⵕⵜ = [[ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰ 1983|ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ 1983]]
}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵣ}}

ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ
ⴰⵙⵓⵜⴳ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ	ⵎⴰⵏⵀⴰⵜⵏ, ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵕⴽ
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ	ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ
ⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳ	ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵉⴽ ⵓⴳⵉⵙⵜ ⴱⴰⵕⵜⵓⵍⴷⵉ ⴳⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼ ⵉⴼⵉⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ)
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ	5 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1885
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ	28 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1886
ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ	93 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ)
ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ	ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵣ
| ⵉⵙⵎ = ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = Statue of Liberty.jpg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ
| ⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France}} [[ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵉⴽ ⵓⴳⵉⵙⵜ ⴱⴰⵕⵜⵓⵍⴷⵉ]] <br /> {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France}} [[ⴳⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼ ⵉⴼⵉⵍ]] (ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ)
| ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ =  93 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ)
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ = 5 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1885
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ  = 28 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1886
| ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ  = 
| ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ =[[ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ]], [[ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ]]
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ    = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|USA|ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ}}
| ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ = [[ⵎⴰⵏⵀⴰⵜⵏ]], [[ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵕⴽ]]
| ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ = ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ/ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵕⴽ
| ⴰⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ  = 40.689167
| ⴰⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ = -74.044444
}}