ⵔⵔⵉⵛ
| ⵔⵔⵉⵛ | |
|---|---|
 ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ | |
 ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ | |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ | |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ | ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:Country data ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ | ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ | ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ | |
| ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ | 25 992 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ (2014) |
| ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ | 5 710 |
| ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ | |
 | |
ⵔⵔⵉⵛ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Er-Rich, ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ: الريش) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⴳ 1959. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ-ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉⵔ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵍⵛⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ , ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ[1].
ⴰⵙⵏⵏⵓⵍⴼ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 17 ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵛⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ (ⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴷⴷⵓⵍ), ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20 ⴰⵢ ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ.
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵣⵖⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⴳ , ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵔⵣ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴰⵔⵜ 1980, ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵎⵛⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ (ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ) ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵜ ⵙ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⴷⵉⴷⴷⵓ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵔⵖⴰⴷ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ, ⵉⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ).
ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ (ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⴰⵇⴷⵉⵎ), ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵉⵙⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵉⵙⵢⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴱⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵙⴰⵀⵍⵉ. ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵉ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ (ⵜⵜⵇⵡⵉⵙⴰ) ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⴱⵓⵔ (ⵍⵇⵉⵙⴰⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ).
ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ, ⵜⵔⵖⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵜⵇⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴷⴳⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛⵉ (ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⴰⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ 3757 ⵏ ⵎⵉⵜⵔ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳⵔ 60 ⴷ 340 ⵎⵎ. ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴽⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⵓⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵔⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵍ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵃⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵓⴷⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ. ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵜⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⵜⵜⴷⵓⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ-ⴰⵙⴳⴹⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰⵢ-ⴰⴷⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵡⴰⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵃⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ.
ⴰⴽⴰⵍ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴳ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵓⴼⵜⵉⵙ ⵙ 95% ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⵃⴹⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ 5%.
ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ: ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵣ, ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⵜ, ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵣⴰⵍⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰⵜⵏ ⵙⴽⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ 234 ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ 16 ⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ.
ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵉ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ. ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵙⵙⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰ. ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ, ⴰⴽⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴹⵉ, ⵉⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ. ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴽⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵣ. ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵙⵙⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⵉⴼ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ. ⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵣⵉⵔⵣ ⵏ 1982, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵏⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵎⵛⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵍ.