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ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⵕⵉⵙ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ (ⵙ ⵜⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵜ: [ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi]; ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 24 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1987, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔⵍⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ[1]. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴳ ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵥⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ. ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ [2]. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏⵓ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ[3]. ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ. ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴷⵢⵉⴳⵓ ⴰⵔⵎⴰⵏⴷⵓ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴹⵓⵏⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵙⵏ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏⵓ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ.

ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⵕⵉⵙ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ

ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ 24 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1987 (ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ 37)
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵕⵓⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉ 1.70 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ, ⴰⵎⴰⴽⵯⴰⵢ
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏⵉⵍⵍⴰ
ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ (3) ⵜⵢⴰⴳⵓ, ⵎⴰⵜⵢⵓ, ⵜⵛⵢⵉⵔⵔⵓ
ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵅⵓⵔⵅⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⵙⵉⵍⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⵢⴰ ⴽⵓⵜⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏⵉ
ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ
ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ 10
ⵜⵉⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ
ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵉⵏ (ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ)
2003–2004 ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ (ⵙ) 10 (5)
2004–2005 ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ (ⴱ) 22 (6)
2004–2021 ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ 520 (474)
2021–2023 ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ-ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ 58 (22)
2023- ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ 11 (11)
ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ
2004-2005 ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ-20 18 (14)
2008 ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ-23 5 (2)
2005– ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ 176 (104)
ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ
ⴰⴼⵙⵏⴰ

 ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⵉⴼ ⵙⴳ ( 2010)

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ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⵖ ⵔⵓⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵣⵖ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵅⵓⵔⵅⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵛⵉⵍⵢⴰ ⵛⵓⵜⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏⵉ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⵔⵓⴷⵔⵉⴳⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵢⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵊⴷⴷⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ 12 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵉⴹⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵅⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵔⵓⴽⴽⵓⵥⵓ. ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ, ⵜⵢⴰⴳⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵢⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵛⵢⵉⵔⵔⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵢⴰⴳⵓ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 2, ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2012, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵢⵓ ⵖ 11 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2015, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵛⵢⵉⵔⵔⵓ ⵖ 10 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2018.

ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2017[4].

ⴽⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵓⴷⴷⵓ. ⵉⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵖ 2007, ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵣⵉ, ⵔⵥⵎ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵒⴰⵔⴽ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⵖ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵕⵓ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵕⵓⵏⴰ ⵖ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ

ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵢ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵖ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2016, ⵜⵏⴽⴹ ⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴼ ⵜⴽⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵢ, ⵜⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ 21 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⵙ 2 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓ ⵖ ⵜⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ. ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵉⴽⵛⵉⵎ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ, ⵉⴼⵙⵉ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴳⵉⵔ[5]. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵢ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵅⵓⵔⵅⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵢⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ[6].

ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵢ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ-20 ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵟⵟⴰⵕ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ 2-1. ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ, ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵖⵉⵜ (ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ) ⴷ ⵓⴱⵓⵔⴽⵙ ⴰⵡⵔⵖⵉ (ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵖ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ).

ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 17 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2005 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵀⵓⵏⴳⴰⵔⵢⴰ. ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵏⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵜ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ 45' ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⵓⵔⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼⵏⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵙⴰ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴽⵕⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2006. ⵜⵔⵥⴰ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ 3-2[7]. ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵅⵓⵚⵉ ⵒⵉⴽⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ 2006. ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵚⵉⵔⴱⵢⴰ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ, ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2006.

ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵎⴱⵉⴽⵙ ⵏ 2008 ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ, ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵅⵉⵍ ⴷⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵖ ⴱⵉⵊⵉⵏⴳ. ⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵒⵒⵉⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵖ 2011. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⵀⴰⵜⵕⵉⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ 68 ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⵙ 3-1 ⵖ ⴼⴱⵔⴰⵢⵔ 2012[8].

ⵖ 21 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2016, ⵉⵔⵥⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙ 55 ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵡⵎⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵉⴹⵉ. ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵓⴼⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ. ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⴱⵔⵢⵉⵍ ⴱⴰⵜⵉⵙⵜⵓⵜⴰ ⵙ 54 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ[9]

ⵖ 26 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ, ⵜⵕⵥⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵛⵉⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵢⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ 4-2 ⵖ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴷⴷⵉ ⵙ 0-0. ⵉⵣⴳⵍ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵢⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ, ⵉⵎⵎⴹⴼⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵔⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ. ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ, ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵖ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ[10].

ⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵣⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵢⴰⴹⵓ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵣⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2016 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2018.

ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵉⵕⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2018, ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵉ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ 2-1 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ.

ⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴹⵔ ⵙ 2021 ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⵙⴽⴰⵍⵓⵏⵉ, ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ. ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵅⵉⵍ ⴷⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 11', ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⴱⵔⴰⵣⵉⵍ ⵙ 1-0 ⵖ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ.

ⵖ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2022, ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⵙⴽⴰⵍⵓⵏⵉ, ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ 3-0, ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵍⵉⵙⵙⵉⵎⴰ

ⵖ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ ⵏ 2022, ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ. ⵉⵣⵎⵎⵉⵎ ⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ.

ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]


ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ (ⵖ ⵓⴼⴰⵙⵉ) ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵖⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵍⵍⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⴰⵢⵎⴰⵕ (ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ) ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ 2011.

ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⵏⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⵓⵍⴹ ⴱⵓⵢⵥ ⵖ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2000, ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵖ ⴼⴱⵔⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵖ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2001/2 ⵖ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵊⵄⵓⴹ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵊⴱ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴰⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵕⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ. ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵡⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ[11].

ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 16 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2003 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴱⵓⵕⵜⵓ. ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2003-04 ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ "ⴱ". ⵙⵙⵖⵯⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ 2004-05, ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵖ 16 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2004 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵍ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵍⴰ ⵍⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 17 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ 1 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2005 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵙⵉⵜⵉ ⴱⴰⵍⵓⵎⴱⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵉⵏⵢⵓ. ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵜⵉⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵍⵉⴳⴰ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵖ 6 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵖ 2006.

ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2006-07 ⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵖⵯⵍⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⵀⴰⵜⵕⵉⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵖ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵓ. ⵖ 18 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2007, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ" ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴹⵓⵏⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⵖ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ 1986 ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴹⵓⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵙⵡⵉⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ, ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴳⵥⴰⴼⵉ (ⵜⵜⵛⴰⴱⵉⵉ) ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ, ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴰⴼ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵜⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ[12].

ⵖ 2019, ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⴹⴼⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 45%[13]. ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵉⵏⵢⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2007-08, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ 10 ⵢ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ. ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2008-09 ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ 38 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵉⵎⵛⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵏⵏⵔⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵙ 2-0 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵉⵙⵜⵔ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⵢⵜⵉⴷ, ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2009-10 ⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ 47 ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵎⵛⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⵏⴰⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵖ ⴹⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2009, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔⵏ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ 2011 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵉⵙⵜⵔ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⵜⵉⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ. ⵜⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵙ 3-1, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ, ⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⵎⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ.

ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⵊⵕⴰⵏ ⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ , ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵖ 7 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2023, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ ⴳ "ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ" (ⵎⵍⵙ)[14].

ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]


ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2011


  1. http://www.messi.com/
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20231208215316/https://divamagzine.com/lionel-messi-addresses-future-retirement-in-2022/
  3. https://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/4004641/lionel-messi-wins-sixth-ballon-dor-awardovertaking-cristiano-ronaldo
  4. https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/07/lionel-messi-wedding-childhood-sweetheart-antonela-roccuzzo-argentina-barcelona
  5. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36721892
  6. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36433061
  7. https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=195332
  8. https://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/2891319/lionel-messi-breaks-argentinas-all-time-goal-scoring-record
  9. https://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/index.html
  10. https://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/2891319/lionel-messi-breaks-argentinas-all-time-goal-scoring-record
  11. https://sportslibro.com/football/news/lionel-messi-biography/5798
  12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMiL4_1Yewg
  13. https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1133199/messis-goal-against-getafe-is-the-best-in-barcas-history-according-to-the-fans
  14. https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65832658