ⵉⵟⵟⵓ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)

ⵉⵟⵟⵓ
ITTO (ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ)
	ⴰⴱⴱⵓⵚⵜⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴱⴱⵓⵚⵜⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ	ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ
ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ	ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵚ ⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ	ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ	19 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1935
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ	ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ
ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ	ⴷⵕⴰⵎⴰ ; ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ
ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ	117 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⴰⴷⵜ
ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ	ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ	ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ; ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼ	ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ; ⵜⵍⵡⴰⵜ
ⴰⴳⴰⵍⵓⴼ
ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ	ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ ; ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ
ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙ	ⴱⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⴷⵓ ⵉⵖⴰⵏ ; ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ
ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓ	ⵊⵓⵕⵊ ⴷⵉⴼⵉⵔⵏⵓⵢ ; ⵕⵓⵊⵕ ⴼⵉⵕⴰⵍ
ⴰⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵜⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵢⴰ	ⴼⵉⵍⵉⴱ ⴰⴳⵓⵚⵜⵉⵏⵉ, ⵊⵓⵕⵊ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⵏ, ⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⵍⵓⴼⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴱⴱⵓⵍ ⴱⴰⵕⴳⵍ
ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ	ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⵔⴰⵢ
ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ	ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵕ ⵡⵓⵍⴼ
ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ	ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵍⵓ ⴳⵍⴰⵢ Itto, récit marocain d’amour et de bataille, Paris, Plon, 1923
	ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ

ⵉⵟⵟⵓ^[3] (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: itto, ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: إيطو, ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: iṭṭu) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ-ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ^[4], ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934, ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵡⴰⵜ, ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ, ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ.^[5]^[6]^[7]

ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ

ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵡⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⵉⵟⵟⵓ, ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵃⵎⵎⵓ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵙ ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵃⵎⵎⵓ.

ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⵜ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵣⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴹⴱⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ, ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⴷⵎⵔ ⴷ ⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵛ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ, ⴰⴷ ⵙⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ.

ⵃⵎⵎⵓ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵡⵎⵥ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵅⴷⴷⴰⵄ,

ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ ⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵓⵜⵏ ⵜ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵖⴷⵔ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴹⴱⵉⴱ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵙⴼⵔ ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ, ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴰ ⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵜⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵛ, ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⴰ, ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵉ ⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵖⴷⵔ.

ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ, ⴼⵕⵓⵏⵚⵡⴰⵣ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴹⴱⵉⴱⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵙ ⵓⴹⴱⵉⴱ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⴽ ⴷ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵙⴼⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ. ⴰⴹⴱⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵜⴹⴱⵉⴱⵜ ⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ.

ⴰⴹⴱⵉⴱ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵙⴼⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵉⵢⵢⵏⵜ ⵉⵡⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵎⵉⵇⵇ ⵙ ⵉⵖⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⵏ ⴼⵕⵓⵏⵚⵡⴰⵣ, ⵉⵡⵉⵜⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵉⵅⵅⴷⵉ ⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵎⴰⵛ, ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴼⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵥⴰⵢⴹ ⵣⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵓⴹⴱⵉⴱ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵙⴼⵔ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴼⵕⵓⵏⵚⵡⴰⵣ.

ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵃⵎⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ, ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⵎⴰⵛ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⵖⵜⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵎⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ.

ⴼⵕⵓⵏⵚⵡⴰⵣ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵖⵜⵙ ⴰ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ.^[6]

ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ

ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ^[5]:

ⴰⵣⵡⵍ: ⵉⵟⵟⵓ
ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ : ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⴱⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⴷⵓ ⵉⵖⴰⵏ.
ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵕⵢⵓ : ⵊⵓⵕⵊ ⴷⵉⴼⵉⵔⵏⵓⵢ, ⵕⵓⵊⵕ ⴼⵉⵕⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵍⵓ ⴳⵍⴰⵢ
ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ: ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵍⵓ ⴳⵍⴰⵢ Itto, récit marocain d’amour et de bataille, Paris, Plon, 1923
ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ : ⴼⵉⵍⵉⴱ ⴰⴳⵓⵚⵜⵉⵏⵉ, ⵊⵓⵕⵊ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⵏ, ⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⵍⵓⴼⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴱⴱⵓⵍ ⴱⴰⵕⴳ
ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ : ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵕ ⵡⵓⵍⴼ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼ : ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ: ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ
ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ : ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵛⵛ - ⵎⵓⵏⵓ (ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ) - 1,37:1
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ : ⴷⵕⴰⵎⴰ
ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵍⵜ : 117 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⴰⴷⵜ (~2 ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ)
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵖ : ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, 19 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1935 ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ.

ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ

ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵎⵎⵔⴽⵙⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ^[8]:

ⵙⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵖⵢⵓ : ⵉⵟⵟⵓ
ⵙⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴱⵓⵖⴷⴰⵢ : ⴼⵕⵓⵏⵚⵡⴰⵣ
ⵓⴱⵉⵖ ⴱⵅⵉⵍⵉⵢⵢⵉ : ⴰⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴷⴰⵖⵢⵓ
ⴱⴱⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⴽⴰⵅⵜⵓⵏ : ⴰⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵉⵍⴼⵉⵜⵜ ⴼⵉⵢⴰⵙⵉⵢⵢⵉ : ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ
ⴽⴰⵎⵉⵍ ⴱⵉⵖⵜ : ⴰⴽⵓⵍⵓⵏⵉⵍ
ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷ ⴽⴰⵢⵢⵓ : ⴰⵍⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏⵓⵏ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴷⵓⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵢⵢⵉ
ⵀⵉⵏⵔⵉ ⴷⵓⴱⵢⴰⵏ : ⴰⵙⵉⵖⵊⵓⵏ
ⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴰⵖⴼⵉⵍ
ⵍⵓⵡⵉⵙ ⴳⴰⵢ
ⴱⵏ ⴱⵕⵉⴽ : ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ, ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ
ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ : ⵃⵎⵎⵓ, ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ
ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴼⴰⴷⴷⴰⵃ : ⵄⵉⵛⴰ
ⵙⵙⵉ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ : ⵙⵄⵉⴷ
ⴱⵉⵖⵏⴰⵖ ⵖⵉⴷⵓⵖ : ⴰⴼⵙⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵜ
ⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⵙⴰⵖⴷⴰ : ⴰⴼⵙⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ
ⵍⵓⵙⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵍⵖⵉⵙ : ⴰⴽⴰⴱⴱⵓⵕⴰⵍ
ⵊⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵏⵏ : ⵜⴰⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ
ⵎⴰⵢⴰ ⵙⵉⴼⵖⵉⵏ : ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵢⵢⵉ
ⴱⵓⵍ ⵍⵓⵖⵏⵉⵢⵢⵉ : ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴷⵓⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵢⵢⵉ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ

↑ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵡⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴼⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉ:https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film377492.html
↑ https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/Itto.html?id=VCRJw3KrOMoC&redir_esc=y
↑ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵡⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴼⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉ:https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film377492.html
↑ https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film377492.html
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ: https://www.tighirtnews.com/?p=412
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhP_gNSNGIk
↑ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ: https://azulpress.ma/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88-1934%D8%8C-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84/
↑ ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ: https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/fullcredits.php?movie_id=377492

[1] ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵡⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴼⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉ:https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film377492.html

[2] ttps://books.google.co.ma/books/about/Itto.html?id=VCRJw3KrOMoC&redir_esc=y

[3] ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵡⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴼⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉ:https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film377492.html

[4] ttps://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film377492.html

[:0-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ: https://www.tighirtnews.com/?p=412

[:1-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhP_gNSNGIk

[7] ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ: https://azulpress.ma/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88-1934%D8%8C-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84/

[8] ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ: https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/fullcredits.php?movie_id=377492

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