ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ
| ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ⵉⵥⵍⵉ, academic major | |
| ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏ | natural science  |
| ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ | formal science, exact science |
| Has use | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ, mathematical modelling, engineering, finance, computation |
| ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ | mathematics education |
| Native label | μᾰθημᾰτικά |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴳⵣⵉⵍ | maths |
| Is the study of | mathematical object |
| Hashtag | math, mathematics, maths |
| Has characteristic | mathematical beauty, formalization, eternity |
| History of topic | history of mathematics |
| Practiced by | mathematician |
| WordLift URL | http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/mathematics |
| Stack Exchange site URL | https://math.stackexchange.com |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://stackoverflow.com/tags/math, https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/tags/mathematics, https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/tags/mathematics |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵥⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ, ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ, ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴰⵡⴷ, ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ.
ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ: ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⴹⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵍⵊⵉⴱⵔ, ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴹ, ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵜⴳ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴳⵉⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏⴰⵙⵜ.
ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏⵜ (ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ) ⵙ ⵓⵖⵔⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵜⵖⵙⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ (ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⵔⴰⴽⵏ) ⵏⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵏⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵣⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ, ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵓⴷ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ,… ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⵔ ⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵖⵙⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵥⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵥⵏⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵍ. ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ , ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰ.
ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ.
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵖⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵎⵎ ⵉⵖⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵛⴰⵏⴳⵓ (ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵔ 20,000 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵖⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴽⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⵎⴰⵎ: ⴰⵙⵖⵏⵣⵉ, ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ, ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ.
ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ, ⵉⵥⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵜⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⴽⵜⴽⵔⴷⵉⵙⵜ, ⴰⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵥⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⴹⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵏ...ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⴷⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⴱⴰⴱⵉⵍⵏ, ⵉⵊⵉⴱⵜⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙ.
ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴹⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⵡⴰⵏⵜ. ⵓⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⴽⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⴰⴳⵊⴷⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵔⴰⵙⵏ. ⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⴹⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ III ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵄ., ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴹⵡⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⴽ ⵙⵙⴰⴷⵙⵏ ⵜⵏⵜ.
ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙⵓ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⴽⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴽⵔⴰⴹⴰⴽⵜ (ⴰⵙⵏⴽⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴽⵔⴰⴹⴰⴽⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ) ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴹⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵓⴷⴷⵙⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵡⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ ⴰⴳⵜⴼⵓⵍ.
ⴳ «ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ XII », ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⵓⵎⵎⵙ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ XVI ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ, ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⵎⴹ ⴷ ⴱⵢⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵍⴰ ⵔⴰⵎⵉ (Pierre de La Ramée), ⵜⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵏⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⵢⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵏⵏ ⴷⵉⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ 1629, ⴳ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴽⴰⵔⵜ, ⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ, ⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, «ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵥⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ». ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⵔ ⴹⴼⵔⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵢⵉⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴽⴰⵔⵜ. ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵉⴱⵏⵉⵣ ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵔⴰⵏ.
ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ XVII, ⵉⵖⴹⴼ ⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵙⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ. ⵉⵀⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵔⴰⵎⵜ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ.
ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 18 ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ XIX, ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴳⴰⵍⵡⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⴳⵜⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⴱⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴽⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⴽⵉⵏⴷ.
ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ XIX ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵊⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵜⵜⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⵊⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴹⴼⴼⵔⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20 ⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵔⵣⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵏⵎⵍⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ.
ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ XX ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ : ⵜⵉⵥⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵜ, ⵜⵉⵥⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴷⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ). ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵙⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ. ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ, ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵅⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ. ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⴷⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵣⵡⵍ.
ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴷⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴰⵔ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ : ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴹⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⴰⵔ. ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴹⵓⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ. ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵚ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵙⵔⵏ ⴳ 1994. ⵎⴽⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⴹⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⴽⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵍⵊⵉⴱⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵊⵉⴱⵔ ⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵖⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⴳⵜⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵊⵉⴱⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ: ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵛⵓⵏⵛⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵏ ⵜⵥⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴳⴰⵍⵡⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ.
ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴽⵎⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵍⴰⴹ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵓⴳⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵍⴰⵡ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵎⵍⴰⵍ : ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⵙ ⵎⴽⴰ, ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵍⴰⵍⵜ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ, ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ.
ⴷⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵎⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵓⵏⵜ, ⴹⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴷⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ , ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴽⴷⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵍⴹⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵔ.
ⴷⴰ ⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵓⵙⴽⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ. ⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏⵜ ⵜⵢⵙⵏⵥⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵜ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ.
ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴳⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵏⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜⵓ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵎⵏ :
- ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⵏ : ⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵍⵉ? ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵥⵏ, ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵍ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ? ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵥⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ?
- ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ : ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ? ⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ? ⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏⵜ? ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⴹ?
- ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ : qⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ? ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ?
ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ « ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ». Cependant, ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵖⵔ ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⴳⵓⵙ : Regina Scientiarum ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ scientiarium ⵜⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ « ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ».