ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ

ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ
ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ	ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	1009
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	2 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1106, 1106
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ	ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ	ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ
ⴰⵥⵓⵕ	ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ	ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ	ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ	ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ, ⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙ
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ
ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ/ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ	ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵜ
ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ	ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ, ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ
ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ	ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵉ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵎⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ , ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ (ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ) ⴷⵓ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⵓ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⵎⵜⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰ. ⵉⵚⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴱⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ.

ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵟⵟⴰⵡⴰⵢⴼ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵛⴱⵉⵍⵢⴰ , ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⵍⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⵛⵜⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵉⵢⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵏⵙⵓ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵇⵛⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 12 ⵔⴰⵊⴰⴱ 479 ⵀⵉⵊⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵇⴰⵔ 9 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 2036 ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵎⵏⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1103 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⵜⵜ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵖⴰⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵊⵎ ⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵕⵥⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴹⵥⵓⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⵍⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵔⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴱⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ (1090) ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴼⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵍⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ (1106-1006) ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⵓ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ "ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵎⵏ".

ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵔⵔⴳⵯⵣⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ "ⴷⴷⵀⴱⵉ" ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ": ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴼ ⵢⴰⵥ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⵉⴷ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵛⵃⴰ, ⴰⴳⵕⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎⴰⵙⵉ.

ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵜ "ⴱⴰⴷⵔ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ" ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ": ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰⵢ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵄⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵍⵉⴷ ⵢ ⵉⵙⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵎⵜⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ.

ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵉ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1061 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ (ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ).

ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ:

• 1- ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ: ⵉⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ.

• 2- ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ:ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴹⴹⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ.

• 3- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ: ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.

• 4- ⴰⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ: ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⴰⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵜⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ.

• 5- ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ: ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵃⴰⴹⵕ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ.

ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵚⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ, ⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ. ⵀⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ:

• 1- ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ: ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵣⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

• 2- ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ: ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⵖⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⴹⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ.

• 4- ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ: ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ.

• 5- ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ: ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ.

• 6- ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ: ⵙ ⵉⵡⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.

ⵙ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵚⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ.

ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ. ⵀⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ:

• 1- ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ: ⵉⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴱⵓ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ.

• 2- ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴳⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵅⴰⵎ: ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴳⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵏ.

• 3- ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏ: ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⴰⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

• 4- ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ: ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⴰⴱⵕⵓⵟⴰⵊ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ.

• 5- ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ: ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵓⵟⵓⴽⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ.

ⵙ ⵜⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵓⵥⴹⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.

ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1106. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵜⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ.

ⴰⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ

ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵔⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⴰⵢⴷⴰ. ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣⵣⵓ ⴷⵖ, ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵕⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵉⵙⵉ.

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

• ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ.
• ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ.
• ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵜ.