ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ
| ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 1938 ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵙⵎⵓⴽⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 3 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1999 ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ |  ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ |
| ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ |
| ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ | ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵃⵍⵇⵜ |
| ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ | ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⵓⴽⵉⵔ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ  | |
ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵖⵣⵣⴰⴼ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵙⵎⵓⴽⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵍⴰⴷⵉ ⵏ 1938. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ[1]
ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍ ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵉ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵍ ⵉⵙⵙⵕⵥⵇ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.[1]
ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵕⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ, ⵖⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵕⵢⵓ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰⵢ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵍⵇⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990 ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴽⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1994.[1]
ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵉⴳ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990, ⵉⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴽⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴽⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵯⵍⵜ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⵔⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⵔ, ⴰⵎⴰⴽⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵓⵜⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵉⴳ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ.[2]
ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 03 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1999 ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ.[1]
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20200221170735/https://www.atigmedia.ma/%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8-%d8%af%d8%a7/
- ↑ https://bensalah-simo.blogspot.com/2021/09/blog-post_29.html#google_vignette