ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰⵜ
| ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰⵜ | |
|---|---|
| Aicha Boulhoujjat (ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ) | |
 | |
| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ |
 ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ |
1974 ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ |
| ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ | ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵜ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
| ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⴼⵓ | 1994 - ⵖⵉⵍⴰ |
| ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ | ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ |
ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰⵜ (ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 1974 ⵖ ⵜⵉⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1994 ⵖ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⵉⵔ. ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2005 ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵇⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵓⵣⵏ".[1]
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵄⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵍⴼⴰⵙⵉ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵉⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙⵜ, ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⴷⴷⴰⵀⴰⴱⵉ ⵖ ⵉⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⵉⵊⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990. ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2008 ⴷ ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ 2014, ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ. ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵎⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵏⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵉⵊⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⵉⵔ ⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵜⴱⴷⵓ ⵙ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ".[2] ⵜⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ "ⵍⴰⵏⴰⵎⵉⵍ ⵙⵙⴰⵃⵉⵔⴰ" ⵖ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵙⴰⵇⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⵣⵓⴳⵓⵣⵏ" ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2005, ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ "ⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵍⵓⵍⵓ" ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2016.[1][3]
ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⵉⵔ (1994)
- ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ
- ⵍⵉⵜⵜⵉⵀⴰⵍ ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ
- ⵍⵃⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⴼ ⵍⵄⴰⵕ
- ⵃⵎⵓ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵉⵔ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵓⴱⴰⴽⴷⵉ (2003)
- ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴱⴰⵏⴽⵓ (2004)
- ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵓ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵓⵛⵛⴰⵏ
- ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵙⵔⵃⴰⵏ (2007)
- ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⴳ
ⴰⵎⵥⴳⵓⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵙⴰⵇⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⵣⵓⴳⵓⵣⵏ
- ⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵍⵓⵍⵓ