ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵟⵟⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵊⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴹⵉ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⵉⵎ.
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴹⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⵙ ⴹⴰⵀⵉⵔ 1.74.338 ⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ 15 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1974, ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ.ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ : ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴱⴹⵓ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵟⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ.ⴷ ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴱⴹⵓ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ [1]
ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001 ⴰⵔ 2004 ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ, ⵜⵉⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵎⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ .ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵥⵉⵜ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ 42.10 ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴱⴹⵓ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ, ⵣⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 5000 ⴷⵔⵀⵎ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵎⴰⵎ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵥⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵖⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ .
ⵜⵓⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵇⵇⵍ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵍⵉ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍ ⵜⵜⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ 40 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴹⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ [2], ⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵊⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ [3].
ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ 10 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⴳⵍ 11-05, ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵓⵏⴰ [4] :
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵓⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵏⵏ: ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵏⵏⵣⵔⵉⵜⵏ: ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵔ 30 ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵏⵉⵇ ⴷ ⵜⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ 20 ⴰⵔ 2000 ⴷⵉⵏⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵡⵍ: ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵇⵇⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵚⴽⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵓⴽⵎⴰⵎ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ: ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵓⵎⵥⵉⵢⵏ: ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔⵜⴰ ⵙⵎⴷⵏ 18 ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ: ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵎⴰⵎ: ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵎⴰⵎ .
- ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⵜ: ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⵜ.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱⵜ: ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵣ.
ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵥⵉⵜ .
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
- https://elmouhami.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf
- https://cassation.cspj.ma/uploads/files/maktaba/13/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9.pdf .
- https://www.arab-reform.net/ar/publication/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85/ .