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ⵙⴽⵙⵓ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵜⴰⵣⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴰⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵉ .
ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ
ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ

ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵖⴰ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵟⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏ, ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ.

ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⴽⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵡⵉ ⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵙⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵡⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⴷⴳ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰ (238 -148 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ). ⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ، ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ "ⵛⴰⵔⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵉ ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰⵏ" ⵊⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1891 ⴷ 1991 ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ “ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ”. ⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ “ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⵜⴰⵏ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⵔⵣⵏ ⵙⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ .

ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵢⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ. ⵍⵓⵛⵉⴻ ⴱoⵍⴻⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵜ 238 ⴰⵔ 149 (ⵓⵔⵜⴰ ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⵉⴷⵏⴰ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ) (ⴱⵓⵍⴻⵏⵙ, 1989, ⵜ. 61). ⴷⴰ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵎⵃⴰⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ.

ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⵖⴰⵢ ⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵙⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⵏⵣⵔ ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⵙⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ ⵉⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ:

  • ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴷⴷⵉⴷ,
  • ⴷ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵔⴷⵏ,
  • ⵅⵉⵣⵣⵓ,
  • ⵜⴰⵅⵙⴰⵢⵜ,
  • ⴱⴰⵜⴰⵜⴰ,
  • ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵛⴰ,
  • ⴰⵣⴰⵍⵉⵎ,
  • ⵜⵉⵔⴽⵎⵉⵏ,
  • ⵍⵇⵣⴱⵓⵔ,
  • ⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ
  • ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵍⴽⵎⵓⵏ ,
  • ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵍⴱⵣⴰⵔ,
  • ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ,
  • ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏⵜⵃⵎⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵣⵄⴼⵔⴰⵏ.

ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⵙⴰⵢ ⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴳⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⵙ ⴰⵢⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔ: ⵔⴰⴷⵏⴰⵙⵉ ⴱⴰc ⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⵙⴰⵢ ⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ

ⵉⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
  • ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⵍⴽⴷⵉⴷ
  • ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⵍⵓⵙ
  • ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵢⵉ ⵓⵡⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙ
  • ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ
  • ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ 07 ⵉⵎⵏⴷⴰⵏ
  • ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ

ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:Wp/tzm/ⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ:ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ