ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ
| ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ | |
|---|---|
| Ahmed Assid (ⴳⵍⵣ) | |
 | |
| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ | |
| ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ |
14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1961 ⵜⴰⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ | ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓ |
| ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ |
ⵎⵕⵢⴰⵎ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵢⴰⵙ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ |
ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ ⵏⵖ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.[1][2] ⵢⴰⵡⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵍⵉⵊⴰⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵍⵉⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1984، ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1988 ⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵍⵉⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ.ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1979 ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵍⵓⵍ" ⴳ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⴰⵔⵉⵔ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⵔ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ) ⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ (ⴰⴷⵉⵏⵉ) ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵍⵉⵅⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⵟⵉⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2002. ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵔⵉⵢⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵍⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1996 ⴷ 1998 ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵔⴽⴰⵣⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉⵙ (ⵍⵎⴽⵜⴰⴱ) ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵜⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⵙⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ " ⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵀⵜⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵍⵡⴰⴹⵃⵉⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ.
ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ, ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵔⵔⴰⵢⵚ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⵛⵛⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ. ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵖⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡ ⵏⵖ ⵍ'ⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵏⴰⵜⵉⵓⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ.
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ ⵖ ⴰⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵎⵉⵜ" ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ "ⵉⴷⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1961. ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1965 ⴰⵔ 1980, ⴷ ⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⵖ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵕⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⵄⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ. ⵉⴽⵎⵍⵍ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ. ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ ⵣⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1988.
ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
- ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵡ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ. 1998
- ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ (2002).
- ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵉⵔ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵇⵓⴷ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵉⵙⵜⵉⵄⴰⴱ (2009).
- ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷⵉ 2010.
- ⵃⵎⵎⵓ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵉⵔ (ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ).
- ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⵉⵔⵉ: ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ
- ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽ
- ⴷⴷⵉⵡⴰⵏ "ⴰⵏⵄⵉⴱⴰⵔ"(ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴷ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵛⴳⵔ)
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
- ↑ "Ahmed Assid, un militante de los ‘hombres libres’ del Magreb", El Pais, 9 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2013
- ↑ Zahiri, Ahmed. "Ahmed Assid…a Free Thinker in a Country Controlled by Dogmatic Ideology", Amazigh World News, 21 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2016.