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ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ

ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ 1039
ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ 464ⵀ/ 1072 ⵎ
ⵎⵔⴰⴽⵛ
ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ/ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴼⵉⵏ , ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ,ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵓ ⵔⴰⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⵡⴰⵜⵟⵟⴰⵙ, ⵍⴳⵓⵟ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ
ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ


ⵜⴳⴰ[1] ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵍⵀⵡⴰⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵉⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⴰ",ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵣⵍⵎⴹ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ,ⵜⵣⴰⵡⴳ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ,ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍⵜ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ (ⵜⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵔⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ)ⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵙ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵓ ⵕⵕⴰⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⵍⵎⵚⵎⵓⴷⵉⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏⴳⵓⵎ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵛⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵃⵔⵓⵔⴷ ⵎⵖⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵙ  ⵍⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵉ ,ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵍⴳⵯⵓⵜ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⵉⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵃⴰⵡⵣ ⴷ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓⵜ , ⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⴽⵔⵜ ⴰⵜⵖ ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜⵓⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵏⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵢⵍⵉⴳ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ ⵉⵊⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⵓⵍⵜⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜⵓⵏ ⵍⴽⴳⵓⵜ ⵉⴽⵎⵍ ⵚⴰⵕⵙ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵔⵡⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵓⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜⵓⵏ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵖⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵎⵜⵓⵏⵉ ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ  ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴳ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ,ⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜ ⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵉⵊⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ, ⵖⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴽⴹ ⴰⵢ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵡⴰⵃⴷⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵣⵔⴰ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵓⵔ ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵖⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⵓⵜ ,ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⴰⴼ ⵉⵏⴽⴹ ⴰⴷⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⴼ,ⴰⵢⵏⴰ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵛⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴷⴳⵍⴰ ⵏⵎ ⵍⵓⵇⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ .[2][3]

ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ :

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
  1. https://ma3lama.com/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A/[1]
  2. https://al3omk.com/831146.html[2]
  3. https://arabicpost.net/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9/2022/08/18/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86/[3]
  1. 1.0 1.1 https://ma3lama.com/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A/
  2. 2.0 2.1 https://al3omk.com/831146.html
  3. 3.0 3.1 https://arabicpost.net/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9/2022/08/18/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86/