ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/28
ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵔⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵜ: Karl Marx), (1818-1883) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵣ, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙⵜ. ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵉⵏ(ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ) ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ/ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵊⵡⴰⵣⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵍⵉⵜⴰⵔⵜ(ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴷⴰ), ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ "ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ/ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔⵜ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ "ⴰⴷⴳⴰⵔ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔⵜ. ⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵍ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵀⴰⵏⵔⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵕⵕⵓⵎⵢⴰ/ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵔⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴱⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ/ⵜⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵔⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵍⵉⵏ, ⵉⴹⵕ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⵊⵓⵔⵊ ⴼⵉⵍⵀⵉⵍⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ(ⴱⴰⴹⵏ) ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵎⵓ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵥⵢⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ "ⵉⵀⵉⴳⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ", ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⴷⵉⴽⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ/ⵉⵎⵥⵕⴼⴳⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵏ, ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵥⵕⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹ(ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹⵜ). ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵖⵎⵙⴰ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⴳⴳⴰⴳⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵙⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣⵜ ⵙⵔⴳⵏⵜ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵏⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵀⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⵉ/ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵣⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.