ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
| ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| MediaWiki wiki, Wikimedia project | |
| ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ | 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001  |
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ | Wikipedia |
| IPA transcription | weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵, ˌwikiˈpɛdʒiɐ |
| ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ | wiki, ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ |
| ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ | ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ, Larry Sanger |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ | ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ |
| Owned by | ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ |
| Headquarters location | ⵙⴰⵏ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⴽⵓ |
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵉ | Nupedia |
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ | encyclopedic wiki |
| ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ | ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, syl.wikipedia.org, en.wikipedia.org |
| Creator | ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ, Larry Sanger, Wikimedia community |
| ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵢ | Wikipedia community, ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ, Larry Sanger |
| Editor | Wikipedia community |
| Developer | ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ, Larry Sanger |
| Platform | LAMP, Vinyl Cache |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ | ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ |
| Language of work or name | multiple languages |
| Review score | 1.7/5 (Poor) |
| ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ | Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation, FSF Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit, Grimme Online Award, Erasmus Prize |
| Mascot | Wikipede |
| Operator | ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ, Equinix, Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering |
| ⵜⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⵣⴳⵎⵏ | academic studies about Wikipedia |
| Product or material produced | online encyclopedia |
| Software engine | ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ |
| Programmed in | PHP |
| Issue tracker URL | https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ |
| Official app | Wikipedia app, Wikipedia Beta |
| ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ | https://wikipedia.org/ |
| Terms of service URL | https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use |
| Privacy policy URL | https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy, https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy/ar |
| ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⵏ | https://www.cnet.com/reviews/wikipedia-review/ |
| External data available at URL | https://dumps.wikimedia.org/ |
| Official shop URL | https://store.wikimedia.org/ |
| FAQ URL | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Main |
| Website account on | Linkin.bio |
| Hashtag | Wikipedia |
| Flag | flag of Wikipedia |
| ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵙ | reliability of Wikipedia, deletionism in Wikipedia |
| ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ | history of Wikipedia |
| Copyright license | Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International |
| Copyright status | copyrighted |
| ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ | Wikipedian |
| Complies with | Digital Public Goods Standard |
| Business model | donation |
| API endpoint URL | https://api.wikimedia.org/feed/, https://wikipedia.org/w/api.php |
| Service status information URL | https://www.wikimediastatus.net |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⵉⴽ ⵉⴽⵙⵜⵛⵉⵏⵊ | https://stackoverflow.com/tags/wikipedia |
| ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰ | bibliography of Wikipedia |
| Search formatter URL | https://wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=$1 |
| DuckDuckGo bang | w |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴼⵉⴷⵢⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Wikipedia) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001[1]. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.
ⵖ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2017 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ. ⵖ 2015 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵜⵛⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵔⵔⵉⴼⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵎⵢⵉⴼⵉⵢ 42 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ) ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴷⴷⵉⵇⵇⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ. ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵅⴽⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⴼ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ.
ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ[2]. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵄⵍⵓⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴱⵣⴰⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵚⵏⵉⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2020[3]. ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵜⴰⵡⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⴷ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵍⵉⵛⵀⴰⵔ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵍⴼⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⵎⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⵔⵓⵄⴰⵜ[4].
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵖ 15 ⵢⴰⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ. ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙⵍⵉⵖⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2006. ⵖ 20 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵖⵓⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 2 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 700 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 190 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ.
ⵖ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006. ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 174 ⵏ ⵏⵏⵓⵙⴰⵅ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 100 ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. 51 ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 10 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 50 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ, ⵜⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⵏⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ.
ⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵖ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⵖ 14 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007[5]. ⵖ 12 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2015 ⴳⵉⵙ 2387 ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ 4939 ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵅⴷⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵉⵏⴽⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⵔ.
ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ. ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ, ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵏ. ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 9 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2000 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵎⵉⵙ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⴱ.
ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵔⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 365 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ 2009.
ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ 291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ.
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ | ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ |
|---|---|
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ | 5,165,572 |
| ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ | 3,203,701 |
| ⵜⴰⴱⵉⵙⴰⵢⵜ | 2,490,120 |
| ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ | 1,945,781 |
| ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ | 1,870,759 |
| ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ | 1,761,332 |
| ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ | 1,314,912 |
| ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ | 1,275,526 |
| ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ | 1,261,083 |
| ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ | 1,259,635 |
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⵉⴰ ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴰ ⵀⵓⵓⵙ ⵛⴰⵍⵍ ⵜⵓ ⵎⴰⵛ" - ⵎⴰⵔⴽ ⵎⵛⵏⵉⵎ
- ^ ⵛⴰⵏ ⵜⵀⵓⵓⵙⴰⵏⴷⵙ ⵓⴼ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⵉⴰⵏⵙ ⴱ ⵓⵔⵓⵏⴳ? ⵀⵓⵡ ⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵜⵎⴱⵜ ⵜⵓ ⴱⵓⵉⵍⴷ ⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴷⵉⴰ ⵜⵓⵓⵛⵀⴷ ⵓⴼⴼ ⵀⵉⵙⵜⵓⵔⵢ’ⵙ ⴱⵉⴳⴳⵙⵜ ⵅⴱⵔⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⵉⵏ ⵛⵓⵍⵍⴰⴱⵓⵔⴰⵜⵉⴼ ⴽⵏⵓⵡⵍⴷⴳ - ⵎⴰⵔⵙⵀⴰⵍⵍ ⴱⵓ
- ^ ⵛⵓⵎⵙⵛⵓⵔ ⵎⴷⵉⴰ ⵎⵜⵔⵉⵅ ⵔⴰⵏⴽⵙ ⵜⵓⴱ 50 ⵓ.ⵙ. ⵓⴱ ⴱⵔⵓⴱⵔⵜⵉⵙ ⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵓⴳⵓⵙⵜ 2012 - ⵔⵙⵜⵓⵏ, ⴼⴰ, ⵛⵓⵏⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 12, 2012
- ^ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⵉⴰ ⵀⴰⵙ ⴰ ⵜⵓⵏ ⵓⴼ ⵎⵓⵏⵢ. ⵙⵓ ⵓⵀⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵜ ⴱⴳⴳⵉⵏⴳ ⵢⵓⵓ ⵜⵓ ⴷⵓⵏⴰⵜ ⵢⵓⵓⵔⵙ - ⴽⴰⵜⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵡⵉⵢ caitlin Dewey
- ^ ⵣⵖ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴱ/ⴽⴰⴱ