ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵒⵉⴷⵢⴰ (Wikipedia ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵣⵄⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵜ ⵍⵎⵄⵍⵓⵎⴰ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴻⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴻⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴱⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ-ⵜⵜ-ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵅⵜⴰⵍⴼⵏ ⵛⵡⵉⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵔⴰⵡⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵛⵉ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰⵜ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⵖ ⴼⵉⴱⵔⴰⵢⵔ 2014 ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵔⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴼⵉⵣⵉⵜⴰⵜ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.

ⵖ ⵎⴰⵔⵙ 2017 ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵣⵄⵎⴰ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ. ⵖ 2015 ⵜⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵜⵛⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵔⵔⵉⴼⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵇⴰⵔⴰⵏ 42 ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴷⴷⵉⵇⵇⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ. ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵅⴽⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⴼ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ.

ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵄⵍⵓⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴱⵣⴰⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵚⵏⵉⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2020. ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵜⴰⵡⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⴷ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵍⵉⵛⵀⴰⵔ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵍⴼⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⵎⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⵔⵓⵄⴰⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵖ 15 ⵢⴰⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ. ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙⵍⵉⵖⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ 1 ⵎⴰⵔⵙ 2006. ⵖ 20 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵖⵓⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 2 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 700 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 190 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ.

ⵖ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006. ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 174 ⵏ ⵏⵏⵓⵙⴰⵅ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 100 ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. 51 ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 10 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 50 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ, ⵜⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⵏⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵖ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⵖ 14 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007. ⵖ 12 ⵎⴰⵔⵙ 2015 ⴳⵉⵙ 2387 ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ 4939 ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵅⴷⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵉⵏⴽⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⵔ.

ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ. ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ, ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵏ. ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 9 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2000 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵎⵉⵙ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⴱ.

ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵔⵜ

ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ

ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 365 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ 2009.

ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ

ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ 291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ.

ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ (ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 2 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2016)

ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ	ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ	5,165,572
ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ	3,203,701
ⵜⴰⴱⵉⵙⴰⵢⵜ	2,490,120
ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ	1,945,781
ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ	1,870,759
ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ	1,761,332
ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ	1,314,912
ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ	1,275,526
ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ	1,261,083
ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ	1,259,635