ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵜ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵜ (ⴰⵙⴳⴷ )
major religious group
ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏ	Abrahamic religion
ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ	33 CE
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ	Christ, ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, Nazareth
ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ	ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⵎⴰⵔⵢⴰⵎ, Paulos, Saint Peter
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ	worldwide
Location of formation	ⵍⵇⵓⴷⵙ
Foundational text	Bible, New Testament
Significant event	Resurrection of Jesus, crucifixion of Jesus
Hashtag	christianity
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵙ	monotheism
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ	history of Christianity
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ	Christian
Separated from	ⵜⵓⴷⴰⵢⵜ
Stack Exchange site URL	https://christianity.stackexchange.com
Mastodon instance URL	https://theres.life
ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍⵎⵢⴰⵏ	✝️
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 30 ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ, ⴷ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴼ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵖⵍ ⴷⴷⵏⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ. ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ.

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⴷⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵡⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ

ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ( ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ)

ⴰⵡⴰⵍ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ" ⵢⵓⵙⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉⵜ "Χριστιανισμός" (ⵅⵔⵉⵙⵜⵉⴰⵏⵉⵙⵎⵓⵙ). ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵙ "ⵅⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵙ", ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉ "ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ" ⵏⵉⵖ "ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴷⵀⵏⵏ". ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ.

ⴰⵡⴰⵍ "ⵅⵔⵉⵙⵜⵉⴰⵏⵓⵙ" ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵟⴰⴽⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ. ⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵓⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ.

ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵡⴰⵍ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ "ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⴰ". ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵙ "ⵜⴰ-" ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⴰⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ "ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ-" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ "ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ", ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ.

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵍⵉⵏ

ⴰⴱⴰⴱⴰⵜ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ( ⴰⴽⵓⵛ ) ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵅⵍⴰⵇ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵜⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ: ⴱⴰⴱⴰ, ⵢⵉⵡⵙ, ⴷ ⵕⵕⵓⵃ ⴰⵣⴷⴷⴰⴳ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ, ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵖⵍ ⴷⴷⵏⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ.

ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵎⵉⴷⴰⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵖⵍ ⴷⴷⵏⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴽⵎ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵊⵏⵏⴰ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵄⴷⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵏ.

ⵎⵔⵢⵎ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵣⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⴷⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ: ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ. ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵡⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵎⴰⵎⵏⴽ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ.

ⵕⵕⵓⵃ ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎ ( ⴰⵣⴷⴷⴰⴳ ) ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ

ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵥⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ. ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ( ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ )

ⴰⵙⵖⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵖⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ. ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴹⵉⵍ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵍ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵏⵓⴱ.

ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⴰⵙⵖⴹⴰⵚ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⴹⴰⵚ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴷ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵏⵓⴱ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵉⵙⵖⴹⴰⵚⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ.

ⵜⵉⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ( ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ )

ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ

ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ( ⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ , ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ )

ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ: ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ. ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⵜⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ.

ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎⵉⵜ. ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ 39 ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵉⵢⵏ. ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ 27 ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵙ.

ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ( ⵍⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ , ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ)

ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ. ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵖⵔⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ.

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽ

ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 30 ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ. ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵉⵔⴰ, ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵙⵟⵉⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴰⵖ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 33, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ( ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ) ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ

ⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵙⵟⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ. ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵙ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 313, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵇⵓⵙⵟⴰⵏⵟⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵍⴰⵏⵓ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⵓⵔⵜ.

ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵓⵜⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴷ ⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉ

ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 16, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵓⵜⵔ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖⵔⴰ.

ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵖⵕⴰⴼⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰ.

ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ, ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ, ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 900 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖⵔⴰ. ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ, ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖⵔⴰ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴰⵎ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰ, ⵜⵏⵇⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ

ⵉⴳⵎⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⵔ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴳⵎⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ: ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ, ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ. ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵄⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ.

ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ. ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵔⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴷⵏⵓⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ.

ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ( ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ )

ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1054. ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ. ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ.

ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ( ⴰⴳⵎⵉⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ )

ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 16 ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⵍⵓⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵍⴼⵉⵏⵉⵜ. ⵜⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ.

ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵓⵜⵔ ( ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1534 )

ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ. ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵄⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ

ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴳ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ.

ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵎⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ. ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ.

ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵜ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

ⴰⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⴰⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵉⵡⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 20, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ. ⵜⵔⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ( ⴰⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ )

ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵇⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵣⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ. ⵜⵔⵎ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ.

ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵉⵡⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 20, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵙⵏⵜ

ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ. ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ, ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⴷⴰⵙ, ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵙⵏ

ⴰⴷⵇⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ

ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵓⴷⵇⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵇⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵇⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵇⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ. ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵜⵉ ⵓⴷⵇⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵙⵓⵄ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ, ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⴷⴰⵙ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵇⵇⴰⵙ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ