ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ
대한민국 (ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ) 大韓民國 (ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ)
ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ: Imagine your Korea ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ: Aegukga
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ  36°N 128°E
ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ	ⵙⵢⵓⵍ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ, Korean Sign Language
ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (31) ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development WTO G20 APEC International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association International Finance Corporation Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes African Development Bank United Nations–African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur ASEAN Regional Forum Asian Development Bank Australia Group Missile Technology Control Regime ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵓⵍⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ Nuclear Suppliers Group Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons International Hydrographic Organization International Energy Agency ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ Group on Earth Observations Union postale universelle UPU Visa Waiver Program International Civil Defence Organisation World Meteorological Organization WHO Antarctic Treaty System World Customs Organization Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ
ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ	Lee Jae Myung
ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ	republic, presidential system
ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ	President of South Korea
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ
ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ	Lee Jae Myung
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ	Government of South Korea
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ	Supreme Court of Korea, Constitutional Court of Korea
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ	National Assembly
ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼ	National Assembly
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ	1948
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ	100 295 ⴽⵎ²
ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ	ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ
ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ	ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ, ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ	Hallasan
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡ	Sea of Japan
ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ	1835841
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ	▲ 51 628 117 (2022) ⵙ ⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ: 25 850 044 (2021) ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ: 25 888 027 (2021)
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ	42 019 781 (2021)
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ	9 718 290 (2021)
ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ	514,76 ⵣⴷⵖ/ⴽⵎ²
ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ	83 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (2022)
ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏ	19 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ
ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏ	21,2 (2019)
ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⵢ
ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍ	2022
ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ	▲ 1,67 ⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ $
ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ
ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ	won, Korean mun
ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ	60 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ
ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ	Bank of Korea, Bank of Korea
ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴳⴰⵏⵜ (VAT)	10%
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ	▲ 0,925 (2021)
ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵓⴷⴰⴼ	58 008 000 (2022)
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵏⵉ
ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ	▼ 31,4 (2016)
ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ	+82
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵡⴰⵢⵜ	112, 119, 113
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ	KR
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⴽⵓⴷ	🇰🇷
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏ	440, 441
ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ	.kr, .한국
ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⴰⵀ	ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵡⴰⵢ	ⴰⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹ
ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ	www.korea.go.kr/main
ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (5) Korea Standard Time UTC+09:00 Asia/Seoul UTC+08:00 UTC+08:30
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ: 대한민국) ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵢⴰⵡⵉ. ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ.

ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ; ⵉⴽⴽ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵙⴰⴷⴼⵔⵉⵔ (DMZ). ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵎⵜ ⵢⵓⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ. ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 51,96 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⵓⵡⵓⵍ.

ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵎⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (37ⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ 668ⵎⵜ) ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵕ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ , ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵡⴽ ⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ

ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵏⵖⴷⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (ⴳⵔ 37ⴷⵜ - 668ⵎⵜ) ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ" ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵔⴼⴼⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵣⵏⵓⴷ "ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ". ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵏⵓⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⵊⵡⴰⵡ ⵠⴰⵣ ⴷⵓⵔⴰⴷⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1568 ⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵏⵔⴰⵢ" Conrai , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵏⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1680 ⵎⵜ  ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰ"

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ 1411 ⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵢ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵏⵚⵓ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴽⵉⵔⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵉⵙ Gores

ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵎⵜⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ Korea ⴷ ⴰⵎ Corea, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20ⵎⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ "Korea" ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔ Japan ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵜⵉⵍⵢ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ Korea, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ J ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ K

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ

​ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⵣⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵥⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ (Lower Paleolithic).

​ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ "ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" ⵏⵖ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⵉⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2333 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴷⴰⵏⴳⵓⵏ". ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵙⵎⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 108 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵀⴰⵏ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ "ⵡⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ", ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵍⵉⵍⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 313. ​ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ "ⵍⵢⴰⵡ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⵓⵔ". ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 300 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵢⵓⵢ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ.

ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵜⵉⵏ

​ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵉⵏ", ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵓ, ⵓⴽⵊⵓ, ⴷⵓⵏⴳⵢⵉ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵀⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ: ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ. ​ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ 700 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⴰⵢⵜⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ" ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ "ⵊⴰⵏⴳⵙⵓ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ. ​ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ "ⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ". ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵙ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ. ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⵓ. ​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 676, ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ". ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵀⴰⵢ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ". ​ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ" ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 9. ​ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ​ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ: ​Ha (ⵀⴰ): ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵖ "ⵀⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ. ​ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ: ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ "Peninsula" ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ "ⵉⴽⵏⵉ" ⴷ "ⴰⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎ".

ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏⵉⵏ

​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 936, ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⵏⴳ ⴳⵢⵓⵏ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ (Goryeo) ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ. ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜⴰⴽⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏⴰ" ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1100, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ-ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ. ​ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 13 ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ 86 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1392, ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ" ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ (coup) ⵉⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰ. ​ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⵉ", ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ (Joseon), ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵙ "ⵀⴰⵏⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ" (ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ). 200 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⴳⵓⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ. ⴳⵔ 1592 ⴷ 1598, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵓⵏ-ⵙⵉⵏ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵙ" (turtle ship). ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 18 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ "ⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ" ⴷ "ⵊⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ". ​ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ. ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ" (hermit kingdom) ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1882, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1897, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⴳⵓⵊⵓⵏⴳ", ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1905, ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ 1910. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ​ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ" ⴳ 1919 ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴱⴱⵓ (resistance) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ⴳⵔ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ.

ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ

ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ​ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵓ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ: ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ. "ⴷⵉⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⴽ" ⴷ "ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴱⵓⵏⵙⵜⵉⵍ" ⵙⵓⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 38 (38th parallel) ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ. ​ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⵔⵓⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⴰⵢⵔⵓ" 1943, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1948 ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ: ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ​ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ, ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1948. ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⵎⵓⵏⵉⵙⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ. ​ⴳ ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ, ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN) ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵔⵉ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵜⵓⵜⵔ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ.

ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ (1950–1953)

ⴳ 25 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1950, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵚⵎⵎⴰⴹ", ⵉⴷⵓⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵍ (boycott) ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵍⵏ (backed) ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵏⴰⵢ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⵔⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ" ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ. ⴳ 1953, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ (armistice), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕ (DMZ). ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ (peace treaty), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ. ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ

ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1962 ⴷ 1994, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ 10% ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ". ⴳ 1960, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔⵏ ("ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ") ⵜⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉﺨⴼ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ". ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵛⵓⵏⴳ ⵀⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⴳ 16 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1961. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵛⵛⵉⵔⵏ. ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ. ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1972 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵛⵛⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴷⵓⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴳ 26 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 1979. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ ⴷⵓ-ⵀⵡⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ 12 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1979. ⴳ 17 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1980, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⵊⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 500 ⴰⵔ 2,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵏⴱⴹ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ" ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ 1987. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ ⵜⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⵜⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ.