ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Oumha Hamza

ⵀⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵕⵓⵛ : ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⵎⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961. ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ.

ⵜⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ-ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

ⵀⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵕⵓⵛ
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961 ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵎⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵔⵉⵔ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⴳⵔⵉⵔ, ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ	ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ	ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵉⵙⵍⵎⵜ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ	ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ

ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961 ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴷⵓⵀⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⵔⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵍⵜ. ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵔⵉⵖ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ 13 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵔⵉⵖ. ⴷⴰ ⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵃⵓⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵓⵛ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ".

ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵎⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵀⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵕⵓⵛ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰⵖ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵃⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ.

ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ

ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵉ.

ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ .

ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵉ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵣⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⵕⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵕⴰⴷⵢⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵟⵕⵓⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵃⴰⴹⵕⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ. ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵕⴰⴷⵢⵓ, ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵣⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ.

ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ.

ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴳ 2015 ⵙ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵏⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵢⵢⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 2007. ⵀⴰⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵓⵛ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵛⴰⵡⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵍⵎⵉ ⴳⵔ 2015 ⴷ 2021. ⵓⵔ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ.

ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 2021.

ⵜⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ ⵎⴰⵔⵚⵉⵍ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰ.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015, ⵜⵔⵎⵙ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴰⵍⵉⴱⴰⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵚⵉⵍ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰ, ⴰⵎⵎ ⵓⵎⵙⵇⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ "ⴰⵎⵍ" ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ "ⵓⴽⵙⴼⴰⵎ", ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⵉⵔ. ⵉⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵀⴰⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵕⵓⵛⴻ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵔⵣⴼ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵛⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵀⴰⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵓⵛⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ.

ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⵉ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018, ⵀⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵕⵓⵛ, ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴱⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ. ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵏⵊⵉⴰ ⴳ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ.

ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵊⵕⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵃⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵉⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵍⵖⴰ

ⵀⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵕⵓⵛ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴰ, ⵍⴰⴼⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴰⵍⴰⵏ.

ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4

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