ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ
| ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| outer planet, gas giant, superior planet | |
| ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ | outer Solar System  |
| ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ | Jupiter |
| ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔⴼ | Jovian, Jupiterano, Jovien, joviano, joviana |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ | outer Solar System |
| ⵜⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⵣⴳⵎⵏ | zenology |
| Parent astronomical body | ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ |
| Epoch | J2000.0 |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⵉⴽ ⵉⴽⵙⵜⵛⵉⵏⵊ | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/tags/jupiter, https://physics.stackexchange.com/tags/jupiter, https://space.stackexchange.com/tags/jupiter |
| ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍⵎⵢⴰⵏ | ♃ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Jupiter), ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ: 
, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵣ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴹ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ "ⵊⵓⴱⵉⵜⵔ".[1]
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⴼⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵀⵉⵍⵢⵓⵎ, ⵙ ⵜⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵍⴻⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵏⵎⵍⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔ, ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵏⵡⵊⵊⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⴳⵉⵔⵜ (ⴰⴽⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⴼⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴽⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵜⵓⵔ). ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵊⵉⵡⵛⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰⵏ. ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴰⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⵉⵡⵛⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 17 ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⵙⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⵙⴽⵓⴱ.[2]
ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵣ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵀⵉⵍⵢⵓⵎ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ. ⴳ ⵓⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⵡⵕⵥⴰⵏ, ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵓⵢ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ. ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ. ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⵓⵍⵓ, ⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜⵙ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ.[3] ⴷⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵍⴻⵍ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⵓ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⴳⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵜⴰ.[4]
ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵡⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ (88–92%) ⴷ ⵓⵀⵉⵍⵢⵓⵎ (8–12%). ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵔⵣⵓⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⵔⵙⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵜ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵓ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵙⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ: ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⵓⵙⵏ "ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ" ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵖⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ "ⵉⴱⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏ". ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵣⵍⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.[5]
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ, ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⵉⵡⵛⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵍⵓⵏⵓⴹⵜ ⴳ 22° ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵜⵓⵔ, ⵜⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ 40,000 ⴽⵎ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴳⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⵓⵎⵉⵏⵉⴽⵓ ⴽⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵕⵓⴱⵕⵜ ⵀⵓⴽ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 17. ⴷⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⵉⵡⵛⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵥⵉⵢ. ⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2021 ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 500 ⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ.[6]
ⴰⵥⵢⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ (9 ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ, 56 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ). ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⴼⴼⵜ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⵙⴽⵓⴱ. ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ 11.8 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵣⵍⴰⴳ ⵓⵥⵢⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ 1.31° ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵡⵖ.[7]
ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ 95 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ (IAU) ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2023.[8] ⵉⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ ⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵢⵓ ⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ "ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉⵢⵏ", ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1610. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ.
- ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵎⵉⴷ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵓⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⵣⵡⴰⵇ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵜ.
- ⴽⴰⵍⵉⵙⵜⵓ: ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ, ⵜⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⴳⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ.
- ⴰⵢⵓ: ⴷ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵥⵡⵉⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 400 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵥⵡⵉⵕⵏ. ⴰⵥⵡⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ.
- ⵢⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ. ⴷⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵍⵓⵍⵓⵏⵜⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⵙ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ.[9]
ⵉⵏⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⵙⴽⵓⴱ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1610 ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵢⵓ ⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ. ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵕⵓⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ.
ⵙⴽⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴱⵢⵓⵏⵉⵔ 10 ⴷ 11 ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1973 ⴷ 1974 ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ. ⵓⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴼⵡⴰⵢⴰⵊⵔ 1 ⴷ 2 ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵢⵍⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1979, ⵉⵣⴱⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⴽⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵡⴰⵕ ⴰⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴰⵢⵓ. ⴳ 1995, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵢⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ, ⵜⵣⵔⵓ ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵣ, ⵜⴼⴽ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉⵢⵏ.[10]
ⵖⵉⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ 2016, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵣⵔⵔⵓ ⴰⵥⵢⴰⵕ ⴰⵙⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵓ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⵙⵙⴰⴳⴳⵯ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴰⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜ. ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵓⵎⵎⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴽⵍⵉⴱⵔ (ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ) ⴷ ⵊⵓⵢⵙ (ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉⵜ), ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⵙⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵔⵣⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ.[11]
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ "Jupiter". NASA Solar System Exploration.
- ^ "Jupiter". Britannica.
- ^ Guillot, T.; Stevenson, D. J.; Hubbard, W. B.; Saumon, D. (2004). "The Interior of Jupiter" (PDF). Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81808-7.
- ^ Wahl, S. M.; Hubbard, W. B.; Militzer, B.; Guillot, T.; Miguel, Y.; Movshovitz, N.; Kaspi, Y.; Helled, R.; Reese, D.; Galanti, E.; Levin, S.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Bolton, S. J. (June 2017). "Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core". Geophysical Research Letters. pp. 4649–4659. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.4649W. doi:10.1002/2017GL073160.
- ^ "Jupiter: Our Solar System's Largest Planet". Space.com.
- ^ Sánchez-Lavega, A.; et al. (2021). "The depth of Jupiter's Great Red Spot constrained by Juno gravity overflights". Science. 374 (6570): 961–965. doi:10.1126/science.abf1396.
- ^ "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA.
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- ^ "Juno Mission". NASA.
