ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ
| ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| G-type main-sequence star | |
| ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ | ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ  |
| Has boundary | solar corona, photosphere |
| Studied by | solar research |
| Parent astronomical body | Galactic Center of Milky Way |
| Spectral class | G2V |
| Depicted by | The Sun in culture |
| Notation | solar symbol |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/tags/the-sun, https://physics.stackexchange.com/tags/sun |
| Unicode character | ☉ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ (ⴰⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ: .svg){kind=small}
) ⴷ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴰⵥⵎⴰ,[1] ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵔⵇⵇⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵢⴰⴼⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⴼ ⴰⵖⵢⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ, ⵉⵥⵏⵥⵕⵏ ⴰⵏⵉⴳⵎⴽⵥⴰⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵏⵥⵕⵏ ⴰⴷⵓⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⴰⵡⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵙ 109 ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ 330,000 ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ 99.86% ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ/ⵓⵖⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵀⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵀⵉⵍⵢⵓⵎ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⵥⵢⴰⵕⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ "ⴰⵅⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ" ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏ G2V, ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ, ⴷⴰ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ/ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵏⵡⵜ/ⵜⴳⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⵏⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴱⵓ ⵜⴼⵍⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⴰⵀⴷⵉⵢⵜ/ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ/ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵖ.[2]
ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⴼ ⴰⵖⵢⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴳ ⵓⵖⵢⴰⵢ/ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵉⵍⴽⴽⵎⵏ 15.7 ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ/ⵓⵎⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵉⵍⴼⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵀⵉⵍⵢⵓⵎ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⵥⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵎⴽⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ/ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ: ⴰⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵯⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ, ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵏⵥⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵎⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⴰⵢ/ⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⴰⵏⵔⵖⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵣⵏ/ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵣⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴰⵥⵎⴰ.[3]
ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⵕⴰⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ "ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ/ⴰⴼⵓⵜⵙⴼⵉⵔ". ⴷ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵓⵍⵙⵙⵉ/ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵍ ⴰⵎⴽⵍⵓ (ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵎⵓⵙⴼⵉⵔ) ⴷ ⵓⵅⴰⵚⵉⵢ/ⵉⵚⵏⵉ(ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵓⵏⴰ) (couronne/corona), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⵓⵍⵉ(Auréole) ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⵎ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴷⵏⴷⵉⴷⵏ/ⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵏⴰⵟⵉⵚⵉⵢⵉⵏ/ⵜⵉⴷⴽⵉⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⵓⵙⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵇⵇⴰⴹ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵉⵏ, ⵉⴱⴱⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵥⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙⵏ ⴽⵓ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴽⴽⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ.[4]
ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵜⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵣⵉⴽ ⵏ 4.6 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵥ/ⵓⵎⴷⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴷⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵃⵓⵍⴼⵓⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵏ "ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ". ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ 5 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵖⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵀⴹⵕⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵏⴼⵍ ⵖⵔ "ⴰⵥⵏⵟⴰⵕ/ⴰⴳⵔⵣⵓ (ⴰⴳⵕⵓⴹ) ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ" ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵇⵉ/ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵎ "ⴰⴳⵣⵣⴰⵢⵍⵓ/ⴰⵅⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ" ⴰⵎⵍⴽⵓⴽ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵜⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵛⵓⵛⵓⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ "ⵉⵖⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵢⵓⵏ/ⵓⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ" ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ/ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵎ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ 225 ⴷ 250 ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.[5]
ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴳⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 8 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ 19 ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ. ⵉⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ; ⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵓⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉⵢⵏ/ⵉⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⴱⵉⵔⵏⵉⴽⵓⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵖⵢⴰⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ. ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵏⵖⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ/ⵉⵣⵓⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ.[6]
ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⵏⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⴱⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴽⴰ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵓⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵏⵉⴳⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴷⵎⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵍⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 35 ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ "ⴰⵙⴼⵉⵡ ⴰⴼⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢ", ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵥⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵏⵖⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴼⵔⴰ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵥⵢⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.[7][8]
ⵜⵉⵙⴼⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵉⵙⴼⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⴰⵡⵓⵎ : 1,392,000 ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ.
- ⴰⴱⴷⴷⵓⵔ : 1.989 × 10³⁰ ⴰⴽⵉⵍⵓⴳⵔⴰⵎ.(330,000 ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ/ⴰⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ).
- ⴰⴽⵙⴰⵢ : 1.41 × 10^18 ⴽⵎ³(1.3 ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ).
- ⵜⵉⵥⵥⵉ : 1,408 ⴽⵎ³.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵍⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵉ : 5 505 °C.
- ⵜⴰⵣⵍⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ : 15 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ °C ⴳ ⵓⵖⵢⴰⵢ.
ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⵎ/ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⴹ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⴰⵏⵏⴰⴹ : 25.4 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴱⴳⵙ/ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵜⵓⵔ.
- ⵖⴼ ⵓⵥⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ : 225-250 ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ.
- ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰⵡ : 220 ⴽⵎ/ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜ(s).
ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ : ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 74%.
- ⴰⵀⵉⵍⵢⵓⵎ : ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 24% ⵙⴳ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ.
- ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ : 2% ⵏ (ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵉⵜⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ).
ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⵜⵓⵏⵓⴹⵜ/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ : 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.
- ⵉⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵏ : ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 100-200 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ.
- ⵉⴱⴱⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⵓⴽⵏ : ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ.[9]
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)
- ^ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)
- ^ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ( ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)
- ^ ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)
- ^ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)
- ^ ⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)
- ^ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ)
- ^ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)
- ^ ⵜⵉⵙⴼⵍⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ(ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)