ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/30
ⴰⵕⵟⵓⵕ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ (1788-1860) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴰⵢⵣⵜ/ⵜⵥⵕⵎⵣⵣⴰⵔⴽⵜ (ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵣⵣⵓⵔⴽⵜ) ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴳⴳⴹⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵙⴹⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ. ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵕ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⵏⵟ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵢⵓⵛ (ⵜⴰⵔⵢⵓⵛⵜ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵜⵎ/ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵢⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵓⴷⵉ, ⴰⵎ ⵓⵍⵇⵇⵉ, ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵍⵍⵓ (ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ (ⴰⵖⴰⵍ) "ⵎⴰⵢⴰ". ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵅⵅⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⵀ, ⴼⵔⵓⵢⴷ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ; ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵍⵙⵜⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴼⴰⴳⵏⵔ.
ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴰⵢⵣⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵏⵣⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷⵉⵍ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⴽⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵓⵙ, ⵜⵎⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵅⵎⵅⴰⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.