ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/13
ⵉⵙⵃⴰⴽ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Isaac Newton) (25 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1642 – 20 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1727) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵡⵏⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ/ⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹ (Trinity College) ⴳ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵓⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ. ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ/ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ» (Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ 1687, ⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ/ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ (Optique).
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1642 ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵏⴽⵓⵍⵏⵛⴰⵢⵔ ⴳ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵯⴰⵍ/ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵊⴷⴷⴰⵙ/ⵏⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⴳⴰⵕⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⵙⴽⵓⴼ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵛⵓⵏⴳⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⵎ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵥⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴳ ⴳⵔⴰⵏⵜⵀⴰⵎ. ⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵢⵡⵏⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ" ⴳ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⵙⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ.