ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ

ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ
geometric shape
Studied by	graph theory
Dual to	rhombus
Has facet polytope	edge
Subject lexeme	L326492
	ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Rectangle) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷⵉⵏ (90 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ). ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵙⴰⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵖⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ.^[1]

ⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ

ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵖⴷⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⴳ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ:

ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⵖⵉⴷⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴷⵏ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⵖⵉⴷⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ.^[2]

ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ

ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴷⵖⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴽⵓ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵙⴰⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ. ⵜⵉⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵓⵖⴷⵏⵜ (90 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ). ⵜⵉⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵎⵎⵙⵎⴰⴷⵏⵜ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ 180 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵉⴷⴷⵜⵏ ⵉ ⵉⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴼⵏⵙⴰ.^[3]

ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ

ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵖⴷⵓⴷⵉⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴽⵙⵓⵍⵏ. ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ. ⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵔ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷ = √(ⵜ² + ⵔ²) ( ⵏⵖ ⵏⵖⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵏⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴽ ⴰⴷ: $D={\sqrt {(T^{2}+R^{2})}})$ .^[4]

ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵢⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵢⵉ. ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵓⵢⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵢⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⵙ 180 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴽⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏⵜ.^[5]

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵔⴻⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ. ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⴻⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ

ⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵔ, ⵀⵢⴰ:

ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ

ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ: A = ⵜ × ⵔ ⵏⵖ ( $A=T\times R$ ).

ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ 5 ⵙⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 3 ⵙⵎ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ 5 × 3 = 15 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ.

ⴰⵣⵣⵉⴽⵉⵜ

ⴰⵣⵣⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⴹⴼⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ: P = 2 × (ⵜ + ⵔ) ⵏⵖ ( $P=2\times (T+R)$ ).

ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ 5 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ 3 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ, ⴰⵣⵣⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ 2 × (5 + 3) = 2 × 8 = 16 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ

ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ D ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ: d = √(ⵜ² + ⵔ²).

ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ 4 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ 3 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⴷⵉⵙⵜ √(4² + 3²) = √(16 + 9) = √25 = 5 ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ.

ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵎⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵥⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴼⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ 180 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⵖⵉⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵙⴰⴷⴰⵖⵏ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵏ:

ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ: ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵔⵓⵏ.

ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵓⵔⵖⴰⵏ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵓⵔⵖⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ 1.618. ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰ.^[6]

ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵉ. ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⴰⵕ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵙⵏ

ⵜⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜ. ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ: ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵃⵓⵏⴰ, ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵕⵥⵎⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ.

ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ: ⵉⵎⵉⵥⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ, ⵉⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵎⵉⵥⴰⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵉⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵉⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ "ⴱⵉⴽⵙⵍ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ.

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⴰ: ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ, ⵉⴼⵔⴽⵓⴽⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⴽⵛⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ: ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ, ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵙ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵏ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

^ "Rectangle - Math Open Reference". www.mathopenref.com.
^ Dunwoody, Martin (2010). Course Notes: Geometric Group Theory.
^ "Properties of a rectangle - WolframAlpha". www.wolframalpha.com.
^ Veness, Chris. "Calculate distance, bearing and more between Latitude/Longitude points". Movable Type Scripts.
^ "Rotational Symmetry". Math is Fun.
^ "Golden Ratio". Math is Fun.

[MathOpenRef-1] "Rectangle - Math Open Reference". www.mathopenref.com.

[Dunwoody-2] Dunwoody, Martin (2010). Course Notes: Geometric Group Theory.

[WolframAlpha-3] "Properties of a rectangle - WolframAlpha". www.wolframalpha.com.

[Veness-4] Veness, Chris. "Calculate distance, bearing and more between Latitude/Longitude points". Movable Type Scripts.

[Symmetry-5] "Rotational Symmetry". Math is Fun.

[GoldenRatio-6] "Golden Ratio". Math is Fun.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]