Jump to content

ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.
ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎ 250 ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴷ ⵉ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Saadiens, saadides), ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵙⴳ 1554 ⴰⵔ 1603. ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⴹⵄⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ 1554, ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏⵉⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1578, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⴱⴰⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴼⵍⵉⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⴰⵙⵖⴷⵉ. ⴷⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⵔⵓ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⵙⴱⴰⵙⵜⵉⴰⵏ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴼⵉⵍⴱ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴽⵢ ⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1591, ⴰⵢⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⵣⵏⵣⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴷⴳ 1603, ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ.

ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵜ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⴰ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1744 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵀⵀⴰⴱ.

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ:

  1. ⵉⴳⵓⴷⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵉⵜⵕⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ
  2. ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ, ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵉⵏⴰ
  3. ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵖⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵏⵙⵏⵜ

ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵃⴰⵊⵊ.

ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⵜⵓ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵟⵉⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ:

  • ⴰⵍⵇⴰⵢⵎ ⴱⴰⵎⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1509-1517)
  • ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⴰⵄⵔⴰⵊ (1517-1544)
  • ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ (1544-1557)
  • ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵖⴰⵍⵉⴱ (1557–1574)
  • ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵜⵓⴽⵍ (1574–1576)
  • ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⵍⴰⵡⵍ (1576–1578)
  • ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⴷⴷⵀⴱⵉ (1578–1603)
  • ⴰⴱⵓ ⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1603–1608)
  • ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵉⵔ ⴱⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴷ (1603–1627)
  • ⴰⴱⵓ ⵎⵃⵍⵉ (1610-1613)
  • ⴰⴱⵓ ⵎⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⵍⵢⴰⴹ (1627–1631)
  • ⵍⵡⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ (1631–1636)
  • ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ (1636–1655)
  • ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⴰⵙ (1655–1659)
  • ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵍⵎⴰⵎⵓⵏ (1604-1613)
  • ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵡⴰⵜⵉⵇ (1613-1623)
  • ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1623-1627)