ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ
ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Saadiens, saadides), ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵙⴳ 1554 ⴰⵔ 1603. ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⴹⵄⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ 1554, ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⵉⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1578, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⴱⴰⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴼⵍⵉⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⴰⵙⵖⴷⵉ. ⴷⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⵔⵓ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⵙⴱⴰⵙⵜⵉⴰⵏ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴼⵉⵍⴱ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴽⵢ ⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1591, ⴰⵢⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⵣⵏⵣⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴷⴳ 1603, ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ.
ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵜ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⴰ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1744 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵀⵀⴰⴱ.
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ:
- ⵉⴳⵓⴷⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵉⵜⵕⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ
- ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ, ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵉⵏⴰ
- ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵖⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵏⵙⵏⵜ
ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵃⴰⵊⵊ.
ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⵜⵓ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵟⵉⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ:
- ⴰⵍⵇⴰⵢⵎ ⴱⴰⵎⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1509-1517)
- ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⴰⵄⵔⴰⵊ (1517-1544)
- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ (1544-1557)
- ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵖⴰⵍⵉⴱ (1557–1574)
- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵜⵓⴽⵍ (1574–1576)
- ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⵍⴰⵡⵍ (1576–1578)
- ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⴷⴷⵀⴱⵉ (1578–1603)
- ⴰⴱⵓ ⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1603–1608)
- ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵉⵔ ⴱⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴷ (1603–1627)
- ⴰⴱⵓ ⵎⵃⵍⵉ (1610-1613)
- ⴰⴱⵓ ⵎⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⵍⵢⴰⴹ (1627–1631)
- ⵍⵡⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ (1631–1636)
- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ (1636–1655)
- ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⴰⵙ (1655–1659)
- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵍⵎⴰⵎⵓⵏ (1604-1613)
- ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵡⴰⵜⵉⵇ (1613-1623)
- ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵍⴽ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ (1623-1627)