ⴰⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ
| ⴰⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ, essential medicine, lithophile | |
| ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏ | alkaline earth metal  |
| ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ | period 4, alkaline earth metal |
| Named after | lime |
| Discoverer or inventor | Humphry Davy |
| Time of discovery or invention | 1808 |
| Element symbol | Ca |
| Chemical formula | Ca |
| Canonical SMILES | [Ca] |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 4s², 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² |
| Subject has role | essential medicine |
| Unicode character | 鈣 |
ⴰⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Calcium), ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ: Ca, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⵕⵥⴰⵏ, ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ 20. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ. ⴰⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⴽⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵏⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⵢⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ, ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵓⵎⵉⵏⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ.[1]
ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵍⵡⴰⵖ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ, ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵡⵔⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⵉⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵜⴳⴰ 1.55 ⴳ/ⵙⵎ³, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ 842 °C ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⴱⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ 1484 °C, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵣⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵏⵙⵢⵓⵎ. ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⵓⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵎⵎ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵚⴹⵉⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ 450 °C.[2]
ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⵎⴰⵔ. ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵖⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵉⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵛⵛⵉ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ. ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵛⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⴰⴼⴰ. ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ +2. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵣⵢⵓⵎ, ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵏⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⵢⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ.[3]
ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⴰⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⴳⵕⴰⵎ. ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (99%) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵖⵎⴰⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⴽⵙⵉ ⴰⴱⴰⵜⵉⵜ Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH).[4]
ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵣⵍⵓⵎⵉⵏ, ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵜⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵙⵓⵎⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (Ca²⁺) ⵙ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵣⵍⵓⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵙⵓⵎⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵔⵓⴳ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵕⵓⵟⵉⵏⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵙⵓⵎⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵣⵉⵎⵏ.[5]
ⵓⵜⵛⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⵜⵛⵉ. ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵖⵓⵜⵏ (ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⵢⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵍⵜ), ⵉⵛⴰⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵏ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴱⵔⵣⵎⵎⵓ, ⴰⴱⵕⵓⴽⵓⵍⵉ), ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵔⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵍⵎⵓⵏ. ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵛⵓⵜⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵥⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵜⵛⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵉ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ.[6]
ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵜⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵏⵓⵙ. ⵉ ⵉⵎⵜⵔⵓⴳⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵜⵔⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵔ 1000 ⴷ 1200 ⵎⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵙ. ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ 1300 ⵎⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵓⵙⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ 50 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵜⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵎⵓⵔⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⴼⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵔⵛⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ.[7]
ⵜⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ", ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵢⵏ. ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵜⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⴷ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵥⵥⴰⵍ, ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⵙⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵏⴼⵕⵟⴻⵟⵟⵓⵜⵉⵏ. ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ, ⵉⴽⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⵙⵓⵎⵏ, ⴰⵡⵣⵡⵣ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴹⴰⵕⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵉⵍⵓⴼ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵊⵊⵉ, ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ, ⴰⵏⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵔⵛⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ.[8]
ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ", ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ. ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵔⴳ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵥⵥⴰⵍ, ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵍⵉ. ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⵙⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵏⴼⵕⵟⴻⵟⵟⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏⵚⵉⵕ. ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵥⴰⴹ, ⴰⵏⴳⴰⵥ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵙⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵕⵎⵎⵓⵢ. ⵉⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵢ ⵓⵙⵓⵊⵊⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵕⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ.[9]
ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⴰⵏⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵍⵉⵖ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵍⴰⵏ.
- ⴰⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (CaCO₃): ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⵍⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴰⴽⵏⴽⵉⵍ, ⵔⵔⵅⴰⵎ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⵎⵖ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴽⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ.
- ⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (CaO): ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⴽⵏⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ". ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ.
- ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (Ca(OH)₂): ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⴽⵏⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵅⵙⵉⵏ", ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉ CaO. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴰⵙⵉⵣⴷⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ.
- ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (CaSO₄): ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⴳⴰⴱⵚ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⴼⴰⵍⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ.[10]
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ. ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ "ⴰⴽⵏⴽⵉⵍ" (CaO) ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1808. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ ⵀⴰⵎⴼⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⴼⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ. ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⴽⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵏⴽⵉⵍ (CaO) ⴷ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⵇ (HgO). ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (calcium) ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ "calx", ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵏ "ⴰⴽⵏⴽⵉⵍ".[11]
ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵡⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ (CaCl₂) ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉⵏ. ⵜⵎⵔⴰ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ CaCl₂ ⵜⵓⵍⵉ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵔⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵉⴽⵍⵓⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⵍⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵜⴰⵙⵢⵓⵎ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵓⴷⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵕⴰⵏⵢⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵢⵓⵎ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ.[12]
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ "Calcium - Element information, properties and uses". Royal Society of Chemistry (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ).
- ^ "Calcium: physical and chemical properties". WebElements.
- ^ "Chemical properties of calcium - Ca". Lenntech.
- ^ Pravina, P; Sayaji, S; Avinash, M (2013). "Calcium and its role in human body". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. pp. 659–668.
- ^ "Calcium". National Institutes of Health - Office of Dietary Supplements (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ).
- ^ "Calcium - Fact Sheet for Consumers". National Institutes of Health - Office of Dietary Supplements (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ).
- ^ "Calcium: What You Should Know". NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ).
- ^ "Hypocalcemia (Low Level of Calcium in the Blood)". Merck Manuals Consumer Version (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ).
- ^ "Hypercalcemia - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ).
- ^ "Calcium Compounds". Chemistry LibreTexts.
- ^ "History of Calcium". WebElements.
- ^ Roos, G.; Oeter, D. (2014). "Calcium, Calcium Alloys, and Calcium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_515.pub2.
| →↓ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| 1 | 1 H |
2 He | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne | |||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na |
12 Mg |
13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar | |||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr | |
| 5 | 37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
43 Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe | |
| 6 | 55 Cs |
56 Ba |
* |
71 Lu |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn |
| 7 | 87 Fr |
88 Ra |
* * |
103 Lr |
104 Rf |
105 Db |
106 Sg |
107 Bh |
110 Ds |
111 Rg |
112 Cn |
113 Nh |
114 Fl |
115 Mc |
116 Lv |
117 Ts |
118 Og | ||
| ↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lanthanides | * |
57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
||||
| Actinides | * * |
89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
||||