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ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ

ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵚⴱⵃⴰⵏ, ⵥⵕ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵚⴱⵃⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ.
ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ
ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ
ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏpolyatomic nonmetal ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵙⴳperiod 3, group 15 ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Has usefertilizer ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏPhosphorus ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Associated hazardphosphorus poisoning ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
(ⵜ)ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵜⵜHennig Brand ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Time of discovery or invention1669 ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Element symbolP ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Chemical formulaP ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Canonical SMILES[P] ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Electron configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³, [Ne] 3s² 3p³ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⵏhttps://www.wired.com/story/the-worlds-farms-are-hooked-on-phosphorus-its-a-problem/ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ

ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Phosphorus) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ P, ⴱⵓ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ 15. ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⴷⵎⴰⵔ, ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏⵓⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ. ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ DNA, RNA, ⴷ ATP, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⴷⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵍⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵖⵎⴰⵙ.[1]

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ. ⵜⴰⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵏⵛⵜⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ.
  • ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵏⵛⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ P4 ⵎⵎ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ. ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵖⴰ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⵓⵙⵏ ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ (ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵖⴰ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵃⴹⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.[2]
ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ.
  • ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴱⵓⵍⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ 250 °C ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵉⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ. ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⴼⴰ.[3]
ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ.
  • ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵖⵍⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜ. ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵎⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ. ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ.[4]

ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔ. ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 90% ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ. ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ, ⴰⴽⴷ ⴰⵏⵉⵟⵕⵓⵊⵉⵏⵓⴱⵓⵜⴰⵙⵢⵓⵎ.[5]

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵣⴷⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⴽⵛⵛⵎⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴱⵅⵅⵓⵢⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵜⵓⴳⴰ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴰⵔⵏ. ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵛⴰⵏⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⴼⴽ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ.[6]

ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⴰⵏⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵛⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ DNARNA, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵊⵉⵏⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵙⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵯⴰⵔ. ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵛⵜⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ATP (ⴰⴷⵉⵏⵓⵣⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵕⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ "ⴰⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵛⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵙⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.[7]

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ, ⵉⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⴷⵓⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴳ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ, ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ, ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵖⵎⴰⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵙⵢⵓⵎ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎⵜ. ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ, ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵜⵜⵡⴰⵖⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⵓⵏⵓⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ".[8]

ⴰⵎⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵏ (1771), ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵣⵉⴼ ⵔⴰⵢⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵍⴰⴼⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵉⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ.

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1669 ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵀⵉⵏⵉⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⵏⴷ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼ "ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼ", ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵉⵢⵜ ⵉⵖⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵍⵖⴰ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ. ⴳ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵓⴷⴷⵎ ⵜⵉⵙⵎⴽⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵥⴹⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜ. ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵔⵖⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰⵙ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⵎⵓ "ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ", ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ", ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ.[9]

ⴰⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ. ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ, ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵓⴼⴼⵉⵔ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⵉⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵔⵖⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ.[10]

  1. ^ "Phosphorus". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  2. ^ "Phosphorus". Royal Society of Chemistry.
  3. ^ "Allotropes of Phosphorus - White, Red & Black Phosphorus". BYJU'S.
  4. ^ "Allotropes of Phosphorus". Chemistry LibreTexts.
  5. ^ "Phosphate Rock". U.S. Geological Survey.
  6. ^ "Phosphorus". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  7. ^ "Energy and Metabolism". Lumen Learning.
  8. ^ "The Phosphorus Cycle". Biology LibreTexts.
  9. ^ "Hennig Brand and the Discovery of Phosphorus". Science History Institute.
  10. ^ "Phosphorus". Chemistry World. Royal Society of Chemistry.
1 2   3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 1
H
    2
He
2 3
Li
4
Be
  5
B
6
C
7
N
8
O
9
F
10
Ne
3 11
Na
12
Mg
  13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
4 19
K
20
Ca
  21
Sc
22
Ti
23
V
24
Cr
25
Mn
26
Fe
27
Co
28
Ni
29
Cu
30
Zn
31
Ga
32
Ge
33
As
34
Se
35
Br
36
Kr
5 37
Rb
38
Sr
  39
Y
40
Zr
41
Nb
42
Mo
43
Tc
44
Ru
45
Rh
46
Pd
47
Ag
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
51
Sb
52
Te
53
I
54
Xe
6 55
Cs
56
Ba

*
71
Lu
72
Hf
73
Ta
74
W
75
Re
76
Os
77
Ir
78
Pt
79
Au
80
Hg
81
Tl
82
Pb
83
Bi
84
Po
85
At
86
Rn
7 87
Fr
88
Ra

*
*
103
Lr
104
Rf
105
Db
106
Sg
107
Bh
110
Ds
111
Rg
112
Cn
113
Nh
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
117
Ts
118
Og
   
Lanthanides
*
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
 
Actinides
*
*
89
Ac
90
Th
91
Pa
92
U
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No