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ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵜ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
(ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ)
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ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵜ

ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⴱⵏⵟ ⵄⵉⵙⴰⵇ ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵖⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵔⴰⴱⵟ, ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵔⴰⴱⵟ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼⵙ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷⵓⵏ: "ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ". ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵔⴱⵔ ⵏ ⵟⵔⴱⵍⵓⵙ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⵣⵉⴰⵏⴱ ⵙⴳ ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⴰⴽ ⵍⵃⵡⴰⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵀⵓⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⴱⵏⵏ ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵚⴰⵟⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⵉ, ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴱⵏⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ (464ⵀ/ 1072ⵎ).

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵉⴰⵏⴱ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⵍⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵡⵍⵏⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵣⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵣⴼ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵣⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵣⴼ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ.

ⴷⴳ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴷⵡⵍ, ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ-ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⵡⵍ ⵅⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵅⴼ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⵣⵓ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵙⵙⴽⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ.

ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵇⵓⵜⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴷⵡⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⴱⴱⵉ ⴱⴽⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ, ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵔ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴷⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵟⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. ⴷ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⵡⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 461ⵎ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 463ⵎ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ. ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ-ⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵙⵙⴼⴽ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ-ⵢⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵓⴷⴷⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ-ⵢⵙⵙⴼⴽ ⴰⴷ ⴷ-ⵢⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵓⴷⴷⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ, ⵍⴰⴷⵖⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ-ⴰⵙ-ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ" ⵏⵖ "ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ".

ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵍⵄⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⴰⵙⵔⵉ:


ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵎⵓⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵔ ⵉ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ.

ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵃⵏⵊⵉⵔⵏ, ⵉⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵕ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵚⵚⵃⵕⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵀⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ, ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ: ⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏⴱ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵙⴽⵔⵖ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ, ⴷⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⵖⵓⵔⴽ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ, ⴷⵖⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵙⴽⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ, ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ ⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⵙⴽⵍⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ.

ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵟⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⵎⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵟⴰⵙⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⵢⵓⵣⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ, ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⵏⴰⴱ ⴱⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴽ - ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵅⴷⴷⵎ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴱⴱⴽⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ - ⵜⵏⵏⴰ-ⵢⴰⵙ: "ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵃⵢⵢⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⴹⴰⵕⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵥⵎ, ⵕⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⴽ, ⵕⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵔⵥⵎ-ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ. ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵣⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵣⵏ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ: "ⵢⵓⵣⴼ, ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ? ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⵢⴰⵙ: "ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵖ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ, ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴽⵔ ⵢⵙⵙⴼⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵜ-ⵢⵉⵍⵉ, ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⵢⴰⵙ: "ⵎⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ-ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜⵜ?" ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⵢⴰⵙ: "ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ, ⵕⵥⵎ-ⵢⵉ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴰⵢ-ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ-ⴷⴷⴰ-ⴽ, ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⴷ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵚⵚⵃⵕⴰ". ⵢⵔⵏⵓ ⵢⵙⵙⴼⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵙⵙⴼⴽ, ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⵢⴰⵙ: "ⵢⴰⵔ-ⵢⵉ-ⴷ, ⵕⵥⵎ-ⵢⵉ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⴷ, ⵕⵥⵎ-ⵢⵉ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⴷ". ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⵢⴰⵙ: "ⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱ-ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴷⴳ-ⵙ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱ-ⵏⵏⵖ. ⵇⵇⴰⵔ-ⴷ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⵙⵄⴰⵏ, ⵇⵇⴰⵔ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⴷ, ⵇⵇⴰⵔ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⴷ, ⵇⵇⴰⵔ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⴷ, ⵇⵇⴰⵔ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⵙ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱ-ⵏⵏⵖ, ⵇⵇⴰⵔ-ⴷ ⴷⵉ-ⵙ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱ". ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵎⵙ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ.

ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴽ ⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ - ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⴰⴱⴱⵉ ⴱⴽⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ - ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵙⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⴰⴱⴱⵉ ⴱⴽⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵖⵉⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ. ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⴰ.

ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⴰⵚⵕⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵖⵣⵏ: " ⁇ ⴼⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵙⴰⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ". ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ "ابن الأثير" ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ: "ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ". ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵖ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ.

ⵉⵡⵍ ⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ ⵢⵓⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ ⵍⴰⵇⵓⵟ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⴰⵡⵉ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵔ . ⵣⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴼⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ (464ⵀ-1071ⵎ) ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ (469ⵀ-1076ⵎ) ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵣⵉⵢⵏⴱ ⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵄⴱⵏ ⵄⵜⴰⵢⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ (500ⵀ/1006ⵎ) ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵜ ⴳⵔ (472-474ⵀ/1079-1081ⵎ).

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]