ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⵓⵍⵃⴰⵊ
ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⵓⵍⵃⴰⵊ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴰⴽⵍⵉ ⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷⴳ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 7 ⵎⴰⵖⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1911 ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵜ ⵡⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ, ⴰⴷⵡⵡⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴼⴰⴷⵓ, ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵡⵣⵣⵓ, ⴷ ⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵏⴷ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴰⵜ ⵓⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ. ⵢⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵡⵓⵍⵎⵓⴷ ⵙ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵜ ⵢⵅⵍⴼ, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵀⵎⵏ ⵙ ⴷⴳⵣⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴽⵙⴱ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵃⴱⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1926, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵉⴷⵢⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍⵎⵓⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵉⵜⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⴼ ⴰⵔⴰ. ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⵓⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⵢⵍⵎⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵔⴼⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵃⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵙⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵢⵜⵜⵄⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⵜ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ. ⵙⵢⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⴳ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⵉⵅⴷⴷⵎ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵣⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵄⵟⵟⵍ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1936. ⵉⵔⵔⵓⵃ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵉⴼ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵄⵎⵎⵉ ⵙ, ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵏⴷ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵃⵎⵎⵉⵛ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ. ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵕⵃⴰⵜ ⴱⴱⴰⵙ.ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1943 ⵉⵔⵔⵓⵃ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ, ⵉⵅⴷⴷⵎ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵣⵉⵏ ⵙⵓⵛⵀⵉⵏⴰ (ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴱⵉⵓⵜⵉⵛ). ⵙⵏⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵙ, ⴷⴳ ⵉⴹⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏ 8 ⴷⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⵓ 1945. ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1947 ⵉⴽⵛⵎⴷ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ,ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵣ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⵢⵍⵀⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵔⴰⵄ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵄⵎⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵏⴷ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵃⵎⵎⵉⵛ, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵛⵔⴰⵄ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵇⵙⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ ⴳⵣⵎⵏ ⵜ ⴼⵍⵍ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵓⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴷⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ 08 ⵎⴰⴳⵓ 1945, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵔⵃ ⵏⵙⵏ ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵎⴱⴰⵄⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ. ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1955, ⵢⴽⵛⵎ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ. ⵢⵡⵡⵉ ⵢⵉⴷ ⵙ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙ, ⴷⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⴷ ⵙⵏ. ⵉⵎⵉ ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⵙⵄⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉ ⵢⵓⴼⵔⴰⵔⵏ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⴱⵖⵙⵜ, ⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⵍⵍⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵚⴱⵉⵔⴰ . ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵢⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⴰⵏ, ⵉⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴼⴽⴰ ⵎⵉⵔⵓⵛ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ(ⵉⵉⵉ) ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⵍⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵍⵢⵓⵟⵏⴰ . ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵎⴰⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1957. ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵄⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ. ⵜⵉⵛⴽⵉ ⵉⴱⴰ ⵎⵉⵔⵓⵛ, ⵜⵉⵛⴽⵉ ⵓⵍⴰⵛ ⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⵓⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⵉ ⵢⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴹⵉⵇ ⵉⵙ. ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⵓⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⵟ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵉⵉⵉ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1958 ⴰⵔ 1962. ⵜⴰⴷⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱ ⵔⴰⵜⵉⵓⵏ ⵊⵓⵎⵍⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⵢⴰⵜ ⵉⵙ ⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵙ. ⵃⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵟⵔⴹⴰⵇ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵓⵎⴱⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ. ⵜⵏⵖⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⵉⵡⵜ ⵉⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ. ⴷⵖⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴷⴷⴷⵉⵛ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵊⵊⴰ ⵍⴱⵓⵎⴱⴰ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵔ ⵢⵇⵇⴰⵣ ⵍⵊⵔⵃ ⵉⵔⵏⵏⵓ ⴰⵍⵎⵉ ⵢⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 02 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1972. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵉ ⵢⵙⵙⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵊⴰⵇ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓ 1962 ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴼⵔⵔⵊ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵔⵙ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵓⵏⴽⵛⵓⵎ ⵉⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓ 1830. ⴰⴷ ⵢⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ. ⴷⴳ 1963, ⵢⵓⴽⵉ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵏⴱⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵊⴱⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵟⵟⴼⵏ, ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵢⴰ, ⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ. ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵟⵟⴷ ⵓⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵉⵣⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵣⴷⴰⵜ ⵢⴼⵔⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ.