ⵉⵙⵃⴰⴽ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵏ

ⵉⵙⵃⴰⴽ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Isaac Newton)‏ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 25 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1642, ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1727.

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵉⴽⵡⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵏⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽⵏ.

ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⴳ 12 ⴰⵔ 17 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴳ ⴳⵔⴰⵏⵙⵀⴰⵎ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⵖⵜⵙ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ, ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ, ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ.

ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⵖ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ.

ⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ ⵏ 1661, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ, ⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵜⵔ.

ⴳ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1667, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵜⵕⵉⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ, ⴳ 1669 ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵕⵉⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ 1672.

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ	25 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1642 (4 ⵢⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1643 ⵖⴼ ⵓⴽⴰⵍⵏⵟⴰⵔ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ) ⵡⵓⵍⵙⵜⵓⵔⴱ-ⴽⵓⵍⵙⵜⵔⵓⵡⵓⵔⵜ, ⵍⵉⵏⴽⵓⵏⵛⵉⵔ, ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ
ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	20 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1727 (84 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ) (31 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1727 ⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵔ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ) ⴽⵉⵏⴳⵙⵜⵓⵏ, ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵍⵙⴽⵙ, ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴼⵍ	ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⵎⵉⵏⵙⵜⵔ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ	ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ

ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ	ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ (1684) ⵜⵉⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ (1687) ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ (1704)
ⵜⵉⴼⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ	ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⵔⴰⴱ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⴰⵏⵎⵀⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⴰⵏⵙⴷⵙ (ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓ)
ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ	ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴱⵍⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⵓⵙ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ