ⵄⴰⵢⵛⴰ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ
ⵄⴰⵢⵛⴰ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ  | |
|---|---|
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| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ | Aïcha  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴼⴰ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 14 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1941 |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴼⴰ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 25 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2022 |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | social worker, activist, nurse, secretary, Class A official, science writer |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ |
| ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ | |
| ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ | Knight of the Legion of Honour, Opus Prize, Elisabeth Norgall Award |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵄⴰⵢⵛⴰ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵎⴰⵎⴰ ⵄⴰⵢⵛⴰ (14 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1941 – 25 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2022),[1][2] ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⵣⴰⵖⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1985, ⵜⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⵡⵍⵍⵓⵖⵜ (ⴰⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ) ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ, ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵄⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵕⵉⴹ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ (ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ) ⵏ ⵓⴹⵓⵍⴰⵕ. ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ 25 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2022, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ.
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ :
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ (protectorat français),ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵜⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ, ⵜⵉⵀⵍ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵎ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵙⵡⵉⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵄⵎⵜⵉⵙ) ⵜⴹⴼⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵕⵥⵎ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⵉⵣⵓⵣⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵄⴰⵢⵛⴰ ⵜⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵜⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵔⵉⵜⴰⵔⵉⵜ) ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵊⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵜ. ⵜⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴳⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1960 ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⵉ, ⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴳⵍ, ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ, ⵉⴳⴳⵔⵓ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⴽ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1970, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏ.
ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⵍⵓⵖⵜ :
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1959 ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ (ⵜⵉⵎⵅⴰⵙ) ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵏⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1985, ⵜⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵄⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵕⵉⴹ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵉⴹⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵙⴽⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2020, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴱⵉⴹⵜ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴽⴽⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ.
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1996, ⵜⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ (ⴰⵔⵔⵓⴱ: ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵍⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ «ⴰⵍⴰⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵎⵉⵏⵉⵙⵜ» ⴷ «ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵏⵓⵔⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ». ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵇⴰⴷⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ.
ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ:
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵛⵛⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵜⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ, ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵄⵣⵔⴰⵢ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵙⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⴼⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵔⴼⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2009 ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ (ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ) ⵏ ⵓⴹⵓⵍⴰⵕ, ⵜⴳ ⵍⴰⵊⵕ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ. ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⵜ.
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ:
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵄⴰⵢⵛⴰ:
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995 ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2000.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵍⵉⵣⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵏⵓⴽⴰⵍ, ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⴽⴼⵓⵕⵜ, ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2005.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵉⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ,ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵢ, ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2013.
