ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ.

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ
Република България (Bulgarian) Народна република България (Bulgarian) Царство България (Bulgarian) ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ (1) Княжество България (Bulgarian)
ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ: A discovery to share ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ: Mila Rodino
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ  42°45′N 25°30′E
ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ	Sofia
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ	Bulgarian
ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (36) ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏⴰⵜⵓ Council of Europe WTO Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Finance Corporation Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Australia Group Eurocontrol Warsaw Pact COMECON Treaty on Open Skies Missile Technology Control Regime ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵓⵍⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ Nuclear Suppliers Group Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Movement Coordination Centre Europe Strategic Airlift Capability ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ Group on Earth Observations Union postale universelle UPU International Telecommunication Union Organisation internationale de la Francophonie World Meteorological Organization WHO International Centre for Migration Policy Development Antarctic Treaty System World Customs Organization International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Schengen Area CERN Council Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ
ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ	Румен Радев, Iliana Yotova
ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ	parliamentary republic
ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ	President of Bulgaria
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ
ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ	Kiril Petkov, Росен Желязков
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ	Council of Ministers of Bulgaria
ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ	National Assembly of Bulgaria
ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼ	National Assembly of Bulgaria
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ	681
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ	110 993,6 ⴽⵎ²
ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ	ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ
ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (10) ⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵉⵕⴱⵢⴰ Black Sea Soviet Union Jugoslavija ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ	Musala
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡ	Black Sea
ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ	732800
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ	▼ 6 437 360 (2024) ⵙ ⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ: 3 095 140 (2024) ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ: 3 342 220 (2024)
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ	4 744 111 (2024)
ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ	1 693 249 (2024)
ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ	58 ⵣⴷⵖ/ⴽⵎ²
ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ	73,47 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (2024)
ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏ	18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ
ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏ	7 (2024)
ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⵢ
ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍ	2023
ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ	▲ 102,41 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ $
ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ
ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ	Bulgarian lev, ⵢⵓⵕⵓ
ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ	Bulgarian National Bank
ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴳⴰⵏⵜ (VAT)	20%
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ	▲ 0,799 (2022)
ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ	▲ 4,2% (2025)
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵏⵉ
ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ	40,3 (2019)
ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ	+359
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵡⴰⵢⵜ	112
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ	BG
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⴽⵓⴷ	🇧🇬
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏ	207
ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ	.bg, .бг
ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⴰⵀ	ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵡⴰⵢ	ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ
ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ	ⵉⵣⵎ
ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ	www.government.bg
ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏ	ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (5) ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+02:00) ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+03:00) Europe/Sofia Eastern European Time Eastern European Summer Time
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ , ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜ: България , ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ , ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⵉ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ. ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵅ ⴰⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵣⴳⴳ ⵍⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵉⵜ ⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵣⴳⴳⵯ ⴰⴳⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵚⵉⵔⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵇⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵣⴳⴳⵯ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵍⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴽ ⵣⴳⴳ ⵉⴼⵓⵙ ⴷ  ⵉⵍ ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴽⴰⵏ ⵣⴳⴳⵯ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ. ⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ 110.994 ⴽⵉⵍⵓ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ (428.55 ⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ) , ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ. ⵚⵓⴼⵢⴰ ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⴱⵓⵍⴼⵉⴷⵉⴼ ⴷ ⴼⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵔⴳⴰⵙ

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴰⵏⴼⵓ ⵣⴳⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⴹⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ 6500 ⵏⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ,  ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵉ ⴰⵎⵜⵡⵉⵢ ⵉ ⵉⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵇⵢⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵔⵙⵢⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜⵢⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵇⴷⵓⵏⵢⵢⵏ. ⵢⵓⵙ ⴰⵖⵊⴷⵉⵎ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 45 ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵉⴼⵜⵜⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⵓⵎ , ⵜⵉⵔⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ,    ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⴼⵢⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⴰ. ⵉⵏⵟⴳ ⵉⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵣⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⴰⵔⵓⵀ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ  ⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ. ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⴼⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ , ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵇⵔⵜ ⵣⴰⵢⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⵓⵎ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹⵉⴹ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 681 ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵅ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵅ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵣⴳ ⴰⵎⵥⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵔⵉⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵣⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ , ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⵏⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴱⵉⵥⴰⵏⵟ ⴱⴰⵙⵉⵍ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵙⵢⵉⵜ. ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1185 ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵅⵛⵛ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵇⵉⵛⵛⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵉⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ (1218-1241). ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵃⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ , ⵜⴼⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴰ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1396 ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵖⵓⵜⴹⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵉⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵣⴳ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵜⴰ.

ⵜⴼⵔⵙⵜ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⴽⵉⵜ (1877-1878) ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⵏⵓⵖⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ. ⵉⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵣⴳ ⵉⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⵢⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴳⵎⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ , ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵉⵏⵣⵍ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⴰⴳ ⴰⵍⵉⴹⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵀⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1946 , ⵜⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵣⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵜ. ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵢ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⵊⵎⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵏⵀⴰⴹ ⵅ ⵜⵉⴽⵡⵡⵛ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ  1989 ⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵜⵜⵓⵖⵉⵜⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ  ⴷ ⴰⴷⵎⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵙⵖⵣⵏⵜ ⵅ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⵣ. ⵣⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵣⵏⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⴰⵡ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵎⵉⵏⵢⵏ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ  ⵏ 1991 , ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵣⴳ 28 ⵏ ⴰⴱⵏⵏⵣ , ⴰⴳ ⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏⵜ.

ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ  ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵔⴽⵓⵎ , ⴰⴳ ⴰⴷⵎⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ , ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ 68 ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵛⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵢⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵙⵜⵉⴽ ⴰⴷⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⵣ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵣⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⵣ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵣⵏ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵅ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ , ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ - ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⴷⵉⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⵢⵏⵜ - ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰ. ⴰⵏⵖⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ. ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 2018 ⴷ 2021 , ⴰⵍ ⵎⵍⵎⵉ ⵜⵢⵓⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵊⵊⴰⵔ ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ 2022. ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵜⴰⵣⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵖⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ , ⴰⴳ ⵉⴽⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵥⴰⵢ , ⵣⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵛⴰⵏ 9.009.018 ⴷⵉ ⴳⵯ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 , ⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵣⵉ 6.4 ⴰⴳⵏⴷⵉⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵙ. ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵡⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ. ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵖⵙⵓⵔ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ , ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵔ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵡⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜⵉⵏ

ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ