ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Imane salmi
إسحاق نيوتن : ⵉⵙⴰⴽ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 17, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 4 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1643 ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍⵙⵜⵓⵔⴱ ⴳ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ 20 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1727 ⴳ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⴽ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ, ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵀⴰⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵓⴼ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵔⵏⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵙⵎⵉⵜ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵣⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ.
ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵢⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⵉⵍⵉⵏ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴼⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 84 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⵣⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⵎⵉⵏⵙⵜⵔ ⴳ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ. ٥]