ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ
ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉⵔ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵙⵔ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ (16 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵍ 1889 - 25 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1977) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵙⴹⵚⴰ , ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵢⴰ/ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ , ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ/ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ . ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵍⴰⴼⵍⴰⵎ ⵉⵙⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵍⵍⴳⵙⴰⵔ (the tramp). ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⵜ/ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 75 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.[1]
ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵓⴹⵓⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ. ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⵉⵖⵉⵙⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⴹⵚⵉ. ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 19 ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵔⵉⴷ ⴽⴰⵔⵏⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴳ 1914 ⵉⵍⵀⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵡⵓ ⴳ "ⵙⵜⵓⴷⵢⵓⵡⴰⵜ ⴽⵉⵙⵜⵓⵏ" ⴷ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ "ⴰⴱⴳⵍⵍⵙⴰⵔ" ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵍⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⵓⴷⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵉⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵜⵡⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ 1918 ⴳ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ .
ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ (1919- 1938)
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1919, ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ "ⵢⵓⵏⴰⵢⵜⵉⴷ ⴰⵕⵜⵉⵙⵜ" ⴷ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴱⵉⴽⴼⵓⵔⴷ ⴷ ⴷⵓⴳⵍⴰⵚ ⴼⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏⴽⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ:
ⴰⵃⵔⵎⵓⵛ ( 1921 ): ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵖⵣⵣⴰⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴽⵓⵎⵉⴷⵉⵜ/ⵜⵎⵙⴹⵚⵉⵜ ⴷ ⴹⵕⴰⵎⴰ
ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (1925 ): ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵏⴹⴰⵍⵓⵕ ⴰⴽⵓⵎⵉⴷⵉ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴽ (1928): ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ " ⵓⵚⴽⴰⵕ "ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵍⵡⴰ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵍⴰⴼⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ: ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ (1931), ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ (1936).
ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵥⵄⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ ⵜⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⴽ/ⴰⴷⵉⴷⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰⵢ" (1940) ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵀⵉⵜⵍⵉⵕ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵣⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵊⵎⴰⵡⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵄⵓⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⴷⵉⵔⴰⵍⵉⵏ (FBI). ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1952, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ", ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵜⵙⵙⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵕⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ.[2]
ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵕⵓⴱⵜ (1977-1953)
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ, ⴰⵎ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓ ⵢⵓⵕⴽ (1972) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵣⵖⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1972 ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ 20 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳⵏ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵕⵕⵛⵛ ⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵣⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵡⴰ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵀⵓⵍⵢⵓⴷ. [3]
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴹⵚⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵢⵢⵃⴰⵏⵜ/ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵢⵃⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵖⴱⵓⵜ (pathos). ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉⵜⵏ: ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵖⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔ (the tramp) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴽⴽⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⵣⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓⴳⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ (smile) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ ".
ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1977 ⵉⵍⵀⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵅⵛⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴽⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ . ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⴼⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ 1977 ⵉⵙⵕⵕⴼ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵍⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 88 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵙⵉⵔ - ⵙⵓⵔ - ⴼⵉⴼⵉ. [4]
ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵢⵙⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵡⵀⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵚⴰ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵙⵓⵎ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵍⴽⵓⵎ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴷ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ. [5]
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ:
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴳⴰⵏⵜ (1929): ⵖⴼ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴽ ".
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴳⴰⵏⵜ (1972): ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ/ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⵜ.
- ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⴰⴼ ( 1973 ) :ⵖⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ".
- ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴽⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ: ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ " ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵍⵉⵥⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1975 .
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵣⵎ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴳ "ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⵃⴱⴱⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⵜ" (1972).
- ⵜⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⵢⵓⴷ (1972 ).[6]
ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
- ⴰⵃⵔⵎⵓⵛ (the kid) 1921
- ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ (A Woman of paris) 1923.
- ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (the gold rush) 1925 .
- ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴽ (the circus) 1928.
- ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ (city lights) 1931.
- ⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰⵢ (the great dictator) 1940.
- ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵓ (monsieur verdoux) 1947.
- ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ (limelight) 1952.
- ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵏⵢⵓ ⵢⵓⵔⴽ (A king in New York) 1957.
- ⴽⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵀⵓⵏⴳ ⴽⵓⵏⴳ (A countess from hong kong) 1967.[7]
ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⴽⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵃⵙⵙⵓ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵏⵉⴷ ⴽⵢⵢ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵟⵟⵉⴼⵏⵜ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ, ⴷ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵃⵎⵉⵍⴷ ⴽⵢⵢ.
- ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ.
- ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴳⵓⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵍⵖⴰ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴹⵉⵕⴷ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵅⵏⴷⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴳⵓⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵥⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴹⵉⵕⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵉⵙⵜ.[8]
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ "Charlie Chaplin : Biographie". www.charliechaplin.com. Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ "Comment Charlie Chaplin a été expulsé des Etats-Unis | RTS". rts.ch (in ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ). 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ "Charlie Chaplin : Overview of His Life". Charlie Chaplin: Official Site (in ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ). Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ "تاريخ وفاة شارلي شابلن". موضوع (in ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ التحرير, فريق. "شارلي شابلن.. ملك الكوميديا الصامتة وأيقونة البؤس الإنساني". فوشيا (in ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ المازني, بلال. "تشارلي تشابلن.. عبقرية الصعلوك المحفور في ذاكرة الأجيال". الجزيرة نت (in ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ "Charlie Chaplin : Filmographie". www.charliechaplin.com. Retrieved 2026-02-07.
- ^ "اقوال شارلي شابلن" (in ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). 2024-08-23. Retrieved 2026-02-07.