ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵣⴰ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)
| ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵣⴰ | |
|---|---|
| ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ | |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
| ⴰⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳ | ⵜⴰⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ | 2011 |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ | ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ |
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏ | ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ |
| ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ | ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵜⵎⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ | |
| ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ | ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵀⵍⵓⵍ |
| ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ | |
| ISBN | 9781000129397 |
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ | https://www.almouggar.com/shop/product/tawnza-494839 |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ  | |
ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2011 ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵕⵥⴰⴳ ⵜⴰⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ[1]. ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵀⵍⵓⵍ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ.
ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ. ⵜⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵃⵉ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴼⵖ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ. ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵣⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵓⵔⵣ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ[2]
ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⵉⴼⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖ ⵜⵇⵍ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵣⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⵅⴼ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵍⵓⵍ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ :
- ⵉⴼⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ( ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) 2024.
- ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵓⵥⵍⵉⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⴹⵉ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) 2023
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ :
- ⵜⵖⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ 2011[3].