ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ
| ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moroccan Sahara (ⴳⵍⵣ) | ||||||
 | ||||||
| ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ | ||||||
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ |  ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
| |||||
| ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ | ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ | |||||
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ | ||||||
| ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ | ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵉⵎⴰⵏ (ⵙⴳ 2025) [1] | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ | ||||||
| ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ | 266,000ⴽⵎ²[2] | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ | ||||||
| ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔⴼ | ⵉⵡⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵏ, ⵉⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ | |||||
| ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ | 612.000ⵣⴷⵖ (2021) | |||||
| ⴰⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹ | ⴰⴷⵉⵔⵀⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ (MAD) | |||||
| ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ | ||||||
| ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ | ⴰⵙⵙ/ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ/ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ | ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵡⴰⵢ | ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ | +212 | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ | MA | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ (LTD) | .ma | |||||
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵓ | MA:3166-2 [3] | |||||
.svg) | ||||||
ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Moroccan Sahara) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ[4][5]. ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ 266,000 ⵏ ⵓⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ (ⴽⵎ²)[6]. ⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ 37.4% ⴳ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ 618.600 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 40% ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ.
ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵍⵜ" ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1975, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴹⴱⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ, ⵣⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1963[7]. ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1965, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵉ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴽ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ[8].
ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1975, ⵜⴼⵍ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ[9] ⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ[10]. ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵙⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 26 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1976 ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵓⴼ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ[11]. ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⴼ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⵜⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1979, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰⴷⴷ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⵏⵣⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵓⵍⵉⵙⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵡⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼ, ⵜⵙⵙⴷⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵡⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ[12][13]. ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴳⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵉⵥⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ"[14][15].
ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ; ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⵉⵣⵡⵔ ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ.
ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵜⵣⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ 600ⵎ (2,000 ⵏ ⴰⴹⴰⵕ) ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ.
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵊⵉⵜⵓⵍⵏ. ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵎⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵎⵉⵢⵜ (ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ).
ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⴷⴷⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⴼⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵔⵉⵔⵢⵓⵏ. ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⴼⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵎⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⴼ ⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵀⴰⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.
ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵎⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵅⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵔⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵢⵔⵣⴰ. ⴷ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⴰⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵣⵎⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ 2% ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵜⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵉⵜⵔⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ "ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵏⵜⵉⵢ". ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵎⵉⴷ ⵓⵀⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵅⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ.
ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1976. ⵉⵟⵟⴼ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ 1/3 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ. ⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⵙ ⴰⵙⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵍⵉⵙⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1979. ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ. ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ" ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ 31 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 2025 ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵙ 2997 ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵉⵎⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 31 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 2025، ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴷⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴽⵯⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⴳⵉ 11 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ 2797 ⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ[16].
ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]11 ⴳ 15 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴷⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 2997 ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎⵜ,ⴳ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ (ⵎⵎ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ) ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴱⴰⵏⴰⵎⴰ, ⴳⵓⵢⴰⵏⴰ, ⵙⵉⵔⴰⵍⵢⵓⵏ, ⴷⴰⵏⵎⴰⵔⴽ, ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ، ⴰⴳⵯⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ: ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ.[17]
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ https://www.hespress.com/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AE-1648568.html
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