ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ

ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ
ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ	ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	ⴽⴰⴼⵕ ⵟⴰⵃⵍⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	27 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1931
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵉⵣⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	21 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2021
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ	ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ	ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ
ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ	ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ	ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ	ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ	psychiatrist, physician writer, gynecologist, novelist, politician, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ, activist
ⴰⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴳ	ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵢⵓⴽ
ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ	Woman at Point Zero, The Fall of the Imam
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ
ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ/ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ	ⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⵃⴰⵜⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ	ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ
ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ	ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ	Seán MacBride Peace Prize, Stig Dagerman Prize, North–South Prize, Catalonia International Prize, honorary doctor of the University of St Andrews, honorary doctor of the Université libre de Bruxelles, honorary doctor of the University of Tromso, honorary doctor of the University of Chicago, honorary doctorate of the University of York, BBC 100 Women
	ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ.^[1]

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ(ⵎⵔⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ)27 ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1931 ⴳ ⴽⴰⴼⵔ ⵟⴰⵃⵍⴰ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1955 . ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕ , ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ "ⵄⵉⵏ ⵛⴰⵎⵙ".

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1981 ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵖⵣⵓ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ <ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵜ>. ⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ , ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⴽⵜⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ" . ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ : "ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵉⵣⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵖ ⴰⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⴰⵔⴰⵖ . ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⴳⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⴽⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ" .ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵔⵖⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ . ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵉⵍ .

ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ

ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵉⵍ .ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ:

المرأة والجنس (ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵉⵙ ) (1974)
امرأة عند نقطة الصفر (ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰ.) (1975)
موت الرجل الوحيد في العالم ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ (1989)
الوجه العاري للمرأة العربية (ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵃⵕⴹⵉⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ (1977)^[2]

ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ . ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵡⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵏⵙⴰ :

ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2004 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ .
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵖⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵡⵉⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2011 .^[3]

ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 90 ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2021 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ (ⵎⴰⵕⵚ) ⵖ 21 ⴳⵉⵙ , ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵉⵣⴰ.

ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⴰⵡⵉ

ⴰⵏⵏⵓⴽⵎⵓ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵛⴽⴰ ⵖ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⵉ.
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵇⵥⵥⵕ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵇⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎ, ⵙ ⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ.
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵇⵥⵥⵕ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵢⵢⴰⵛ ⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵣⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴷⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵓⵔⵉ.
ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵇⵥⵥⵕ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⴳⵓⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ .
ⴽⵓ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵔⵔⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ⵙ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⴰ .
ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴽⴽⵯⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ .

ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ: "ⴰⵔ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕⵏ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ."

"ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ, ⵎⴰⵅⵅ? ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⴽⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵃⵇⵇⴰⵇ, ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵜⵉⵜ.

"ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵏⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ."

ⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ: "ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ".