ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉⵢⵓ
| ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉⵢⵓ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ | |
| ⴰⵔⵉⵙ | ⴰⵡⵜⵎ  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | Kingdom of France |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | Montesquieu |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | Charles-Louis de Secondat |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ | Charles |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ | de Secondat |
| Noble title | baron |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 18 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1689 |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | Château de la Brède |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 10 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1755 |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ |
| Place of burial | Church of Saint-Sulpice |
| ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏ | Jeanne de Lartigue |
| Child | Jean-Baptiste de Secondat |
| ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ | Jean II de Secondat, Seigneur de La Fleyte, Roques, Clermont-Dessous |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ |
| Writing language | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ | judge, seat 2 of the Académie française |
| ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⴳ | College of Juilly, Lycée Saint-Louis |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ | ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ |
| Religion or worldview | Catholicism |
| ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ | The Spirit of the Laws |
| Has works in the collection | National Gallery of Art, Museum Slot Loevestein |
| Member of | Académie Française, Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, The Royal Society, Académie de Stanislas (Nancy, France), Club de l'Entresol |
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ | epistolary novel, essay |
| ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ | Fellow of the Royal Society |
| Copyright status as a creator | copyrights on works have expired |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵛⴰⵖⵍ ⵍⵡⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵙⵉⴳⵓⵏⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴽⵢⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ Charles-Louis de Secondat), ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1689, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ 1755. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ 18 (1689–1755). ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ (Séparation des pouvoirs) ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ "ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ" (De l'esprit des lois), ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ 18 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1689 ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰ ⴱⵕⵉⴷ ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ.ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 10 ⴼⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1755 ⴳ ⵕⴰⴱⵉⵣ. ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵅⴱⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵣⴰⵢⵉⵏ (ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴷⵎⵜ).ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵜⵉⴳⵍⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ...ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵕⵏⵙⵉⵢⵉⵏ" ⴳ 1721 ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵣⵣⵉⴼⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1716 ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.[1] ⴳ 1721 ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ" ⵉⵣⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵡ[2], ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
ⴳ 1934 ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉⵢⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "ⵜⴰⵡⴹⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ"[1] ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ.
ⴳ 1734 ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉⵢⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ "ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ" ⴳ ⵊⵓⵏⵉⴼ ⴳ 31 ⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ,[1] ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ... ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵖⵉ.
ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵍⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵜⵔⵙ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵙⴽⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵎ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ (1721) ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ 32 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵣⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰⵡⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ" ⵜⴳⴷⵍ ⵜ ⵍⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰ.
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1748 ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵖ, ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ, ⵍⴷⵉⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ, ⴰⵅⵍⵓ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵙ ⵙ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ. ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ"(1750).[3]