ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ
ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ  | |
|---|---|
| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ | Larbi  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | Oulad Bouziri |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1948 |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1997 |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ, autobiographer, songwriter, ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ, ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ, stage actor |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ (1949 - 1997), ⴰⵏⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵉⵍⵓⴼ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⴳⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵙ ⵍⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ . ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⴼⴽⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ.[1]
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ "ⵡⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵣⵉⵔⵉ" ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⵡⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ. ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰⴷⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⵉⵖⵏⵏⵊ/ⵢⵉⵔⵉⵔ ⴼ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ .ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵖⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵉⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵇⵓⵕ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵜⵜⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ. ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵥⵡⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴹⵕⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵏⴷ/ⵢⵉⵡⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ . ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵄⵏⵓⵏⵉ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵊⵎⵉⵄ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷ ⵚⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ "ⵍⵃⴰⵍ" ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ, ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵏⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ: "ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵊⵉⵜ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵖⵓⵜ", ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵓⵜ. ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ.[2]
ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⵓⴹ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵊⴷⵓⴱ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵔⵔⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ, ⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵇⵓⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵖⴰⵜ, ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⴽⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⴰⵏ.
ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰⴷⵊⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵜⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⴷⵊⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵏⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵊⵉⵜ" ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ. ⴱⴱⵓⵇⵇⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⴼⴽⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵇⵓⵍⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵙⵙⵉ/ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ, ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵍⴰⵎⵛⴰⵀⴱ. ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ "ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵊⵉⵜ/ⵕⵕⴰⵃⵉⵍ", ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ/ⴰⵜⵏⵓ ⵏⵖ ⵉⴳⴳ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ .[3]
ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴹⵕⵓⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⵟⵎⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴳ "ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴹⵕⵓⵕ" ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵜⵜⵓⵏ. ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⴷ "ⵏⴰⵙ ⵍⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵖⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⵖⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵊⴷⵓⴱ) ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ.
ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴳⴳⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵏⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ : "ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵊⵉⵜ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵖⵓⵜ". ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵓⵏⵚⵉⵕ ⵙ ⵜⴱⵖⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ/ⵜⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "ⵃⵓⵙⴰⵎ ⵀⴰⵎⴰⵎ", ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⴷⴷⵉⴷⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⵉⵏⵖⴱⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ.[4]