ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ
| ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 1954 |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 2025 |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ  | |
ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ (1954 - 2025), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵍⴰⵏⵚⴰⵕⵉ,[1] ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵕⵕⵓⵢⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵏⴽⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵔⴱⴰⵢⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ" ⴷ "ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵙⵟⵕⵓ", ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵡⴳⴳⴹ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴼⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ.
ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵎⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1954 ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵙ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵟⵟⴰⵍⴱ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵏⵜⴰⴳⵏ".[2] ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵛⴰⵡⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ. ⵜⴼⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⵙⵓ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵓⵃⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 13 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⴱⴰⵢⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵕⵕⵓⵢⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.
ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵣⵣⵓⵍ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵚⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵡⴰⵢⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ; ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⴽⵛⵛⵎⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ/ⵉⵙⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⵖⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⵜ/ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵜⵙⵏ.
ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵍⴱⵏⵙⵉⵔ, ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵜⴰⴳ, ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ, ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⵕⴽ, ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ ⴰⵜⵉⴳⴳⵉ, ⵕⵇⵇⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵃⵉⵃⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏⵜ,[3] ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ "ⵡⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵎⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ" ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵡⴰⴷⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ. ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⴷⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⴰⵎⴷⴷⵏⴽⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓ/ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴳⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ.
ⴰⵥⵏⵥⵕ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵇⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵍⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ, ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵙ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ "ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⴱⵍⵄⵉⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ, ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵓⵔⵎⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1994.
ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵉⴹⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵍⵖⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 2000 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴼⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍⵉⵏ.[4] ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵙⵙⵣⵎⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵎⴼⴽⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵎⴰⵏⵊⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵊⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵎⵅⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴳⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴹⴰⵍⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 20 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2025,[5] ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ. ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⴷⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ,[6] ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵚⵕⵕⴼ.
ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵕⴰⵙ 22 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2025 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴹⴰⵍⵜ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ (20 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2025), "ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵚⵕⵕⴼ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ". 2M.ma - 2ⵎ.ⵎⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 28/01/2026.
- ^ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⴼⵉ (2025-01-20). "ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵙⵟⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ..ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ من يكون الراحل الرايس لحسن بلمودن؟". ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⴼⵉ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 2026-01-28.
- ^ ⵟⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⴰⴽⵓⵣ (2025-02-19). "ⵔⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ.. ⵉⴹⵏⵏⴰⵥⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ". Hespress - ⵀⵉⵙⴱⵔⵉⵙⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 2026-01-28.
- ^ ⵜⴰⵡⴼⵉⵇ ⴱⵓⴼⵔⵜⵉⵃ (2025-01-23). "ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ". ⵀⵉⵙⴱⵔⵉⵙⵙ - HESPRESS (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 2026-01-28.
- ^ "ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵉⵎⵚⴰⴼⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔⴱⴰⵢⴱⵉ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ". ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 2026-01-28.
- ^ ⵎ, ⵉ (21 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2026) "ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵉⵎⵚⴰⴼⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ" (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 2026-01-28.
