ⵊⵓⵔⵊ ⴼⵉⵍⵀⵉⵍⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ

ⵊⵓⵔⵊ ⴼⵉⵍⵀⵉⵍⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ
ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ	Georg, Wilhelm, Friedrich
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	ⵛⵜⵓⵜⴳⴰⵔⵜ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	27 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1770, 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1770
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	Berlin
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	14 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1831, 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1831
ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ	cholera
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ	Dorotheenstadt Cemetery
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ	Königreich Württemberg
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ	Königreich Württemberg
ⴰⵥⵓⵕ	Germans
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ
ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ	ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ, philosophy of history, aesthetics, ⴰⵙⴳⴷ, ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ, political philosophy, social philosophy
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ	ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ, philosophy historian, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ, philosopher of law, logician
ⴰⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴳ	Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Frederick William University Berlin, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵛⵛⴳ	1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1788, 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1831
ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ	ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, Historicism, Hegelianism
ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ	Lectures on the Philosophy of History, Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, Science of Logic, The Phenomenology of Spirit, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, Lectures on Aesthetics, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Lectures on the History of Philosophy
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ
ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ/ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ	Marie von Tucher
ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ	Georg Ludwig Hegel
ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ	Maria Magdalena Louisa Fromm
ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ	Karl von Hegel
ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ	Georg Ludwig Hegel, Maria Magdalena Louisa Fromm
ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⴳⵏ	Georg Ludwig Christoph Hegel
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ	Uni Tübingen, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, Tübinger Stift
ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ	Uni Tübingen, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, Tübinger Stift
ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ	doctorate
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ	ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ	Order of the Red Eagle 3rd Class
ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵊⵓⵔⵊ ⴼⵉⵍⵀⵉⵍⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel) (ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 27 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1770 — 14 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1831) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵛⵜⵓⵜⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" (German Idealism) ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ (Dialectical method) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵏ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⴽⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ «ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ» ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴱⵉⵏⴳⵏ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵊⵓⵔⵊ ⴼⵉⵍⵀⵉⵍⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1770 ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵜⵓⵜⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵉⵍⵎⴰⵏ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵊⵡⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⵉⴹ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⵉⵏⴳⵏ ⴳ 1788. ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵃⴰⵏⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ: ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⵛ ⵀⵓⵍⴷⵔⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵛⵉⵍⵏⴳ. ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵚⵚⴰⴱ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴽⴰⵏⵟⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⴳⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵙⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵊⴰⵏ ⵊⴰⴽ ⵔⵓⵙⵓ. ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴱⵉⵏⴳⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍⴰⵢ.

ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ: ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ/ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣⵜ

ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣⵜ. ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ (ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ) ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ/ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ" (dialectique). ⴰⵔ ⵉⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ: ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵙ "ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⵙⵜ", ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ "ⴰⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ". ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵏⴽⴰⵔ "ⵜⴰⵏⵖⵔⵓⴼⵜ" (Synthesis). ⵜⴰⵏⵖⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⴱⴷⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵍⵜ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ. ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⵖⵔ "ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣⵜ" ⵏⵖ "ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣ" (Absolute Spirit), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⵎⴷⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⵢⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴽⴽⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ.

ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵏⴰ

ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ ⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰ (Jena) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1801, ⵙ ⵓⵙⴱⵖⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵛⵉⵍⵏⴳ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ "ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⴼⵉⵅⵜ ⴷ ⵛⵉⵍⵏⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ", ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵛⵉⵍⵏⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ "ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ". ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵡⵀⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏ "ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ" (Phenomenology of Spirit) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1806 ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⵇⵓⵛⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴱⵓⵏⴰⴱⴰⵕⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰ. ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⴼⵓⵕ ⵀⵉⴳⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔ, ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ (ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ), ⴰⵔ ⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ, ⵖⵔ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴽ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵣⵜ.

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

• ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵀⵉⴳⵍⵜ