ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵡ
ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵡ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Edgar Allan Poe) ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ 19 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1809 ⵖ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵚⵟⵓⵏ, ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵡⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵍⴷⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⵡⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⴷⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵉⵡⵏⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴷⴰ ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⵙ, ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ "The Tell-Tale Heart" ⴷ "ⵓⵀⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⴹⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵕ" ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵖ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⴰⵙⵙⵉⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ, ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⵜⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵏⵓⴱⴽ, ⵙⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵉⵡⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⵖ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴼ ⵏ ⵙⴰ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1848, ⴼ ⵓⵎⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.[1][2]
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵡ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴼ ⵏ 19 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1809 ⵖ ⴱⵓⵚⵟⵓⵏ, ⴰⵔⴱⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴱⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵏ: ⵉⵍⵉⵣⴰⴱⵉⵟ ⴰⵔⵏⵓⵍⴷ ⴱⵓⵡ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⴳⴱⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴷⴰⴼⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⴳⴱⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⵖ ⴱⴰⵍⵜⵉⵎⵓⵕ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ.[1]
ⵉⵏⴳⵉⵔⵉ ⴷ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ, ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⵓⵣⴰⵍⵉ, ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ, ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⵔⵉⵛⵎⵓⵏⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⴱⵉⵔⵊⵉⵏⵢⴰ, ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⵖⴰ ⵖ ⴷⵖⵉⵏⵏ. ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.[1]
ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ 13, ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵉⴼⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⴽⴰ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵢⴰⴼⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵓⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ. ⴱⵓⵡ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⵉⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴰⵏ.
ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏⴳⵔⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴷⵊⵓⵏ, ⴱⵓⵡ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵊⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵖ 1826, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵃⴹⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵉⵍ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵟⵟⵉⴼ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⵙⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵍ ⵉⴼⵔⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵇⵎⵎⴰⵕⵜ, ⵉⴳⴳⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ.[1]
ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵢⵓⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵚⴰⵕⴰ ⵉⵍⵎⵉⵔⴰ ⵔⵓⵢⵙⵜⵔ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵕⵥⴰ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⴰⵏⵓⵍ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵚⵟⵓⵏ.[1]
ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⴱⵓⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵖ 1827, ⴷⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵖ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵉⵙⵍⵉ ⴱⵓⵡ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ. ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ, ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ.[1]
ⴽⵓⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖ ⴱⵉⵔⵊⵉⵏⵢⴰ, ⵉⵎⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴱⵓⵡ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵍⵓⴷⵏⵜ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ, ⴷ ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⴰⵢⵢⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴳⵉⴳⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ.[1][2]
ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⴱⵓⵏⵜ, ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴽⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵕⴽ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵍⵜⵉⵎⵓⵕ ⴷ ⴼⵉⵍⴰⴷⵉⵍⴼⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵉⵛⵎⵓⵏⴷ.
ⵖ 1834, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴷⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⵍⴰⵏ, ⴱⵓⵡ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵍⵇⵇⵉ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵉⵛⵡⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵛⴰⵍⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵔⵣⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵉⴹⵢⴰⵚ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵜⵉⵎⵓⵕ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ. ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵡⵔ ⵉⵇⵊⵔⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵅⵯⵛⵏⵉⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵣⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵔⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵜ ⵏ "ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⴳⵍⵣⵉⵎ".
ⵉⵖⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴼⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⵙⵙⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1837, ⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵥⵉⵥ, ⵉⵍⵇⵇⵎ ⵉⵣⵉⴽⵔ ⵉ ⵓⴼⵓⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ. [1][2]
ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ, ⴼⵉⵔⵊⵉⵏⵢⴰ, ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⵏ 1847. ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽ ⴱⵔⵓⴼⵉⴷⵓⵏⵙ, ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵓⴷ , ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵡⵉⵜⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ. ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1848 ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵓⵔⵉⴽⴰ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵉ "ⵓⵎⵖⵔⴰⴷ" , ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵡⵔⵏ ⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⴰⵜ ⵎⵓⵜⴰⴳ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴳⵯⴰⵢⵏ,ⵖ 1848, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵉⴼⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵕⵓⵛⵎⵓⵏⴷ ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵉⵔⴰ ⵛⵉⵍⵜⵓⵏ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ.