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ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ
ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: عبد الواحد حنو) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵊⵊ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⴷⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵣⴳⵙ ⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⵜⵉⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵎⵎⵓⵖⵥⵍ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵅⴰⴼⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵔⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵛⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴰⵍ ⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵅ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ, ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵟⵟⴼ, ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵣⴳⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏⵜ ⵛⴰ ⵜⵃⵕⵢⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴹⴹⵕ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⴰⵏⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵜ, ⵏⵜⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵉⵜⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵔⵓ ⴰⵏⵖ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵖⵎⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵜⵜⵓⵏ, ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ, ⴰⴷ ⵣⴳⵙ ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜ.[1][2][3]

ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵎⵎⴰⵏⴰ, ⵣⵉ ⴷⴷⵛⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵚⴰⵍⵃⵉⵡⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵊⵊⴰⵡ. ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵍⴳⴷⵉⵔⴰ, ⵣⵉ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴷⵉ ⵍⴽⴱⴷⴰⵏⵉ, ⵉ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵯⵊⵏ ⵙ ⵛⴰ ⵏ 14 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵟⵔⵏ ⵅⴼ ⴷⴷⵛⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵣⵍⵍⵉⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵎⵉ ⵉⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵓ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵃⵏⵊⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵓⵙⴰ.

ⵣⵉ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵄⴰⵡⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵟⴰⵕ, ⴷⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵓⵙⴰ, ⵇⴱⵍ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵀⴰ ⵃⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵣⵖⵏⵖⴰⵏ.

ⵣⵉ ⵙⵙⵏⵏⵉ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵉⵜ, ⵉⵔⵓⵃ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵡⵊⴷⴰ, ⴰⵡⵔⵏⴰⵙ, ⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵕⵓⵃ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⴷⴳⵙ, ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴷ ⴷⴳⵙ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⴱⵍⵓⵎ.

ⴰⴷⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴳⴳⵯⵊ ⴰⵙ ⵛⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⵔⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⵜⵔ ⵣⵉ ⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵓⵙⴰ, ⴰⵔⴰⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⴰ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⵕⵉⴼ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵍⵅⴷⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵜ ⵖⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⴼ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵚⵟⵕ, ⵣⵉ ⵙⵙⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⴷⵉ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ, ⵍⵅⵅⵓ ⴰⵇⵇⴰ ⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴹ ⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⵜ.

ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵛⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵅⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⵟⵟⴼ ⵉⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵣⴳⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴼ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⵜⵉⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵖⵥⵍ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵔⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵍⵏ.. ⴷ ⵛⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴰⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰ ⵜ ⵅ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ, ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵟⵟⴼ, ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵣⴳⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏⵜ ⵛⴰ ⵜⵃⵕⵢⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴹⴹⵕ.[1]

ⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⵉⵟⵟⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜⵓⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ. ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵢⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵟⵟⵚⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵏⴼⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵙⵍⵉⴷ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵃⵓⵊⴰ ⵙⵙⵔⵊⵉⵊⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵉⵜⵉⵏ. ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ ⵉ ⵉⵛⵛⵓⵕⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵃⵓⵊⴰⵜⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏⵢⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵇⴰⴷⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵔ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵏⵛⵛ ⵉⴷⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ, ⵣⴳⴳⴰ ⵉ ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴷⵔⴰⴼ ⴷⴳ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵙⵜ. ⵉⵚⵓⵔⴰⴼ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ, ⵉⴳⴳⴰ ⵜⵏ ⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕ ⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⴰⴹⵓⵕ, ⵡⴰⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⵙⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ “ⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵉⵣⴰⵏ” ⵉ ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⴷⵓ ⵎⵓⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⵓⵣⵢⵢⴰⵏⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵕⵕⴰⴹⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵣⵉ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⴰⵙ. ⵣⵉ ⵙⵙⵏⵏⵉ, ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⴰⴷ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵇⵙⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵅⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵄⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵉⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵣⵢⵢⴰⵏⵉ .

ⵜⵎⵎⵔⵏⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵓⵎⵉ ⵉ ⵉⵕⵓⵃ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ, ⵍⵅⴷⵏⵏⵉ ⵙⵙⴼⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵣⵉ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ, ⵉⵡⴹⴹⵕⵜⵏ.

ⴰⵔ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵅⴷⵎ, ⵉ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵖⴰ ⵢⴰⵙ ⵓⵅⴰⵕⵕⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ, ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ, ⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⴷ “ⵜⵜⵓⵖ”, ⴷ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ “ⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴼⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵔⴳ ?” ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴰ ⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴷ ⴷ ⴰⴽⵏⵉⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ, ⴷⵉ 2018.[1]

ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ, ⵉ ⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ. ⵉⵄⵇⵇⵍ, ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ ⵍⵢⵏⴷⵓⵣⵉ : “ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵊⵊⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵣⵍⴰⵡⵉ”. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵉⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵣⵣⵢⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵃⵢⴰⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵚⵚⵃⵔⴰⵡⵉⴱⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵡⵄⵍⴰⵙ, ⵔⵏⵉ ⵅⴰⴼⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵛⵓⵇⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵣⴳⴳⵓⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴱⵍⵄⵔⴱⵉⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵍⵎⴷⴷⴰⵎⵃⵎⴷ ⵣⴰⵀⵉⴷ, ⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵍⵃⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⴰⵇⵇⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ, ⴰⵇⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵊⵊⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵣⵉ ⵙⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰ ⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔⵏ.

ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵇⴹ ⵣⵉ ⵍⵄⵡⴰⵢⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵟⵟ ⵖⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉ ⵣⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⵡⵡⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵟⵟ ⵉ ⵣⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⴼⵔⴰⵜⵏⴼⴰⵙⵉⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ, ⵜⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ : ⵎⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰ ⵏⵛⵛⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴳⴳ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴳⴳⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⵙⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ?[1]

ⵜⵉⵄⵏⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵓⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵉⵊ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵏⴷⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵇⵟⵟⵓ. ⵣⵉ ⴱⴷⴷⵓ, ⵢⵓⴽⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ, ⵣⵉ ⴱⴷⴷⵓ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵉⴱⵏⵏⵓ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⵍⴰⵊⵓⵕⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵍⴰⵊⵓⵔⵜ, ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ… ⵉⴱⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵏⴹⵕⵜ ⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵙⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴼⴰⵡⵜ. ⵜⵉⵄⵏⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵕ, ⴱⴷⴷⵓ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵓⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵄⴰⴷ ⵜⵅⵚⵚ ⵍⵅⴷⵎⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ. ⵔⵏⵉ ⵅ ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⴷⴽⴽⵯⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⴼⵙⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵓⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏⵜ, ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵄⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⵎⵛ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵜⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵔⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵣⵣⴰⵜ. ⴱⵍⴰ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⵥⵉ ⵉ ⵣⵉ ⵅⵣⵣⵔⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.[1]

ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵇⵇⵏⵏⵜ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵓⵔⵊⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵣⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵉ. ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ ⴰ, ⴰⵇⵇⴰ ⵜ ⵄⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵇⵔⵇⵓⴱ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⴰ. ⵡⴰⵀ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵉⵡⴹ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵓ ⵜⵉⵙⵉ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵛⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵕⵥⵥⴰ ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ ⵉⵊⵏⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵉ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵅⵅⵓ, ⴱⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⵏⵜ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ, ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ, ⵓⵊⴰⵔ ⵄⴰⴷ ⵣⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴳⴳⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴳⵉ ⵜⵙⴷⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⴷⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ, ⵍⵅⵣⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⴷⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵢⴰ ⵎⵕⵕⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵣⵎⵎⵔ ⵖⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵡⵡⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵓⵕⵓ .

ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵄⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⴳⴳⵯⵊ ⵅ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵉⵡⵏ, ⵄⴰⴷ ⵉⵚⵓⵔⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵏ, ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵄⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵓⴼⵉ ⴰⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ. ⵄⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵓⴼⵉ ⴰⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵏ ⵜⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⵖⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵎⵓ, ⵓⵔ ⵏⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵎⵍⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵉⵅⴱⴱⵛⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ, ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ.[1]

ⵉⵅⵚⵚ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⴰⴷ ⵏⵚⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵛⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⴽⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⵓⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵊⵊ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵅⵜⵡⴰⵢ ⵓⵃⵃⴷⵙ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵏⵖ ⵓⵃⵃⴷⵙ. ⵉⵅⵚⵚ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵔⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ, ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵓⵛ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ, ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ. ⴰⵚⵓⵔⵉⴼ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵚⵓⵔⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵅⵚⵚ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙ ⴰ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵀⵡⵏⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵔⵏⴷⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⴹⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴼⵙⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵣⵎⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ, ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵚⵚⵓⵕⴼⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵡⵛ ⵜⵓⵖⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵏⵃⴷⴰⵊ ⵄⴰⵡⴷ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⴳⵎ ⵉ ⵉⵃⵏⵊⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵇⴰⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⵣⴳⵙ ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.[1]

ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ “ⵜⵜⵓⵖ”[3]

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ, ⵓⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵉⵊ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⵔⴳ ⴷ ⴰⵊⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ, ⵏⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵔⵙ ⵏⵅⵣⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵜⵜⵓⵏ. “ⵜⵜⵓⵖ”, ⵙ ⵍⵎⵄⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵍⵍⵖⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵓⵇⵇⵥ ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏ. ⵅⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵓⵅⵢⵢⵇ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⵙⵙⵉⵙⵜ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵅⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵢ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⴷⴷⵓⵇⵎⴰⵏ, ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵛⵎ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵓ.

ⵅⵙⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⴷ ⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵛⵀⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵇⵇⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵣⵡⵣ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⴷⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵓⵍⵖ ⴷ ⵣⴳ ⵓⵄⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⵢⵉⵛⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵛⵀⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵎ ⴷ ⴰⵣⴳⵔⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵚⴱⵕ ⵓⵊⴰⵔ. ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵡⵍⵏⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴷⴷⵉⴽⴽⵯⵉⵍⵏⵜ, ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵚⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵥⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵉⵀⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵔⴰⵙⵉ ⵉⵏⴼⴰⵔⴰⵔⵏ, ⵎⵕⵕⴰ ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴰⵜⵛⵓⵜ ⵣⵉ “ⵜⵜⵓⵖ” ⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵖ.

ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ : ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵍⵅⵅⵓ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵀⵍⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵥⵕ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⴰⵔⵉ, ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵙⵍⵍ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⴷⴷⵔ.[1]

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ “ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵏⴷⴰⵏ”

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

“ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵏⴷⴰⵏ” ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵄⴰⵎ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵀⵡⵉⵏ. ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵇⴰⵄ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⵍⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⵣⵉⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵟⵟⵓⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴹⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴱⴰⵔ. ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⴰ, ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ : ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵉ ⴱⵉⵙⵜⴰ, ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵓⵢⵢⵉⵜ ⵉⴷⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⵍ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵉⵖⵏⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⴷ ⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵇⴰⵄ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵅⴰⴼⵏⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵇⴰⵙⴰⵃⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏ ⵣⵎⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵏⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵜ ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⴽⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵉⵍ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ, ⴰⵎⵏ ⴽⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵏⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵍ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵣⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.[1]

ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵙ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵀⵡⵉⵏ ⵛⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙ. ⴰⵣⵡⵍ, ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴽⵙⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ. ⴰⵅⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⴳⴳⴰ ⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵚⵚⴼⴰ ⵓⵊⵏⵏⴰ. ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ, ⴷⵉ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵀⵣⵣⴰ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ.

ⵓⵔ ⵉⵃⵎⵎⵍ ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵇⵏⵏ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ, ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵍⴱⴷⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⵥⵎⵏ, ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⵏ ⴷⵖⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⴰⵏ, ⵉⴼⵏ ⵖⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⴰⵏ. ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⵎⴰⵎⵛ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵇⵇⵉⵔⵏ ⵛⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵏⵉ ⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵏⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵛⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵉ ⵉ ⵛⴽⴽ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵓⵙⵉⴷ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵏⴼⴰⵔⴰⵔⴷ ⵣⴳⵙ.[1]

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵙ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⴰⵏⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⴰⵙ. ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵜⵜⵏⵀⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⵔⴳ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⴽⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⵜⴷⵔⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ: ⵉⴹⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵉ ⵉⴽⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵇⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵍⵅⵅⵓ ⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴰⵛⵔⵔⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵚⵓⵕⴰⴼ.

ⵡⴰⵀ, ⵏⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ. ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵅⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⵏⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜ. ⵏⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴳⵣⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⵢⴽ, ⵜⴳⵣⵎ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴱⵄⵄⴷ, ⵡⴰ ⵓⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵔⵔⵄ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ, ⴰⵏⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵓⵍⵜ ⵣⴰⴳⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵡⵡⵜ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵏⵔⵔ ⴰⵛⴰⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ.[1]

ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⴰⵙ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵣⵉ ⵖⵔⵉ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵏⴹ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴽⵙⵙⵉⵜ ⵣⵉ ⵡⴰ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵣⵉ ⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⵏⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵏⴹ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵛⴱⴱⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵏⵙⵙⴳⴰⵎ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵓⵙ, ⵏⵙⵇⴰⴷⴰ ⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏ ⵉ ⵡⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵅⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ. ⵏⵜⵜⴰ, ⵉⵣⵎⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⵏ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵉ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ, ⴰⵇⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵙ ⵜⵃⵓⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵇⵙⵙⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵢⴰ, ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵣⴳ ⵉⴹⵕⵚⵏ ⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵎⵎⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵅⵣⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵊⵊⴰ ⵍⴰⵜⵔ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⵉⵔ ⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵍⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ, ⵓⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵃⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵢⵢⵉⵜ ⵣⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴼⵙ ⵉⵄⵊⵊⵏ.[1]

ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⴰⵙ, ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⵜⴰⵚⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵅ ⵓⵎⴽⵙⴰ», ⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ «ⵉⴼⵜⵡⵉⵙⵏ ⵙⵙⴽⵎⴰⴹⵏ» ⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⴱⵕⵡⴰⴹⵉ.

ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ “ⵜⴰⵚⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵅ ⵓⵎⴽⵙⴰ” ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⵕⵉⴼ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ, ⵙ ⵢⵉⵊ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵃⴱⵍ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ. ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⵉⵃⴷⴰⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵅⴰⵕⵕⵚ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵅⴰⵕⵕⵚ ⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵙⵃⴹⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵉⵅⵣⵣⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ. ⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ, ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ ⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⴰⵏⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵙⵍⵍ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵥⵕ. ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵢⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴱⴷⴷⵍ ⵛⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵅⴰⵕⵕⵚ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ.

ⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⴷ ⵉⵊ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵎⵍ ⵉⴷⵇⵍ, ⵉⵅⵚⵚ ⵉⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵅⴰⵕⵕⵚⴷ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⴰ ⵅⴰⴼⵙ ⵜⵃⴰⵡⵍⴷ, ⴰⵎⵏ ⵛⴽⴽ ⵉⵅⵚⵚ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵜⴳⴳⴷ ⴱⵓⵃⴱⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ. “ⵉⴼⵜⵡⵉⵙⵏ ⵙⵙⴽⵎⴰⴹⵏ” ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵓⵚⵓⵕⵉⴼ ⵉⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⴰⵜ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵛⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵢⵓⵛⴰ ⴰⵅⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵏⴹⵕⵜ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⵖ ⴱⵓⵃⴱⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ.[1]

ⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ «ⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ», ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ.[1]

ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵃⵔⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵏⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ. ⵉⴳⴳⴰ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ, ⵖⴰⵔ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵛⴰ. ⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵛⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵣⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵎⵅⵓⵎⴱⵍ ⴰⵇⵇⴰ ⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ. ⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵅⵓⵎⴱⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵅⴰⵕⵕⵚ ⵎⴰⵎⵛ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵚⵚⵓⵔⴼ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵚⵉ ⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ.

ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵊⵉⵜ ⴰⵇⵇⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵖⴰⵔⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵖⴰ ⵉⴳⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰ.[1]

ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ[1] ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ:

ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ, ⵅⵙⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵇⴰ ⵏⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉⵖ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵟⴼⵖ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵏⴷⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜ. ⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⴰⵏⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵜ, ⵏⵜⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵉⵜⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵔⵓ ⴰⵏⵖ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵏⵖ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵖⵎⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵜⵜⵓⵏ, ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ, ⴰⴷ ⵣⴳⵙ ⵏⴱⴷⴷ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜ.

ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵡⵉ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⵖ : ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵖ ⵏⵏⵛ. ⵊⵊ ⵉⵜⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵄⵏⵄ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵇⵙⵙⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵛ, ⴷⵉ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵇⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⵛ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵛ ⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙ… ⵅⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵏⵕⵥⵥⵎ ⵉⵖⴰⵍⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⴱⵏⴰ ⵣⵉ ⵊⵊⴷⵉⴷ.

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p ⵅⴰⵢⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⵎⵄⵉ, ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 16/10/2025
  2. ^ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵃⵏⵏⵓ, ⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ
  3. ^ a b ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵓⵖ