ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ
ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ  | |
|---|---|
| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ  |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 7 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1185, 1185 |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1300, 1249 |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | Almohad Caliphate |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | Almohad Caliphate |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ | ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | historian, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ |
| ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ | al-Muʻjib fī Talkhīṣ Akhbār al-Maghrib |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ (1185-1250) ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵢⵉ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵉ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉⵢⵏ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1217. ⵉⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰ/ⵉⵏⵣⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1223. ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ. ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⴰⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ» ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ ⵍⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1224.[1]
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1185 , ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉ, ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ, ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ,ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⵇⵓⵕⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵀⵢⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ.
ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵖⵉ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵥ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ,ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1207. ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵉⵣ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵛⴱⵉⵍⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵍⴼⴹⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ⵙⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ.[2]
ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⴰⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ .[3]