ⴽⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ
ⴽⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ  | |
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| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ | Kamal  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | ⴼⴰⵙ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 1968 |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | engineer, telecommunications engineer |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | University of Southern California |
| ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | University of Southern California |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ |
| ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ | |
| ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ | Officer of the Order of the Throne, NASA Exceptional Public Service Medal, NASA Group Achievement Award |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⴽⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ (ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ.[1]
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵔⵓⵃ/ ⵓⴳⵓⵣ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ "ⵙⴱⵉⵔⵉⵜ" ⴷ "ⵓⴱⵓⵔⵜⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜⵉ" ⴼⵖ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵣⵉⵡⵖ, ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵎⵣⵉⵡⵖ . ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴷⴰⵜ(ⴰⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ) ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ/ⵜⵎⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵔⵓⴼⵔ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⵓⵙⵉⵜⵉ" ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵣⵉⵡⵖ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⵊⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵍⵉⴼⵓⵕⵏⵢⴰ. ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴽⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵥ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ/ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ" ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ "ⵏⴰⵙⴰ".
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵖⵜⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⴽⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵣⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵜ/ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴼⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ.
ⵉⵙⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⵙ/ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵢⵉⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵏⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵍⵡⴷⵖⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴷⴽⴽⵯⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ"; ⴰⴷ ⵏⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹⵏ (CIL), ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵡⵖ, "ⴽⵉⵔⵢⵓⵣⵉⵜⵉ", "ⵔⵓⴼⵔⵣ", "ⵙⴱⵉⵔⵉⵜ", ⴷ "ⵓⴱⵓⵔⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉ", ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ "ⴽⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉ" ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⵀⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ "ⴳⵔⴰⵢⵍ", ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍⵜ ⵏ "ⵊⵓⵏⵓ" ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ.
ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵕⴰⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵕⴰⴹⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵢⴰⵃ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ "ⵏⴰⵙⴰ", ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵙⴷⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓ/ⴰⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ.
ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 39 ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⵙ; ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ "ⵏⴰⵙⴰ" ⴳ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵓⴳⵍ, ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ "ⵜⴱⵓⵕⵚⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵙⴱⵕⵉⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⵔﺍⵏ". ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⴼⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵉⵣⵣⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ 6 ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳⵔ 5000 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ JPL, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⴱⴰⵙⴰⴷⵉⵏⴰ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵏⴰⵙⴰ.[2]
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵙⵢⴰⵏ (2012).
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ 2020 ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⴼⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵜ.[3]