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ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⴰ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
(ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ)
ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⴰ
ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵓⵏⵜ
ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏFriedrich, Wilhelm ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜRöcken ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ15 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1844 ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜWeimar ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ25 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1900 ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜneurosyphilis ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍLützen ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜKönigreich Preußen, ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉKönigreich Preußen, ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵥⵓⵕGermans ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ
ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, aesthetics, nihilism, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵔⴼⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ, poetry, philosophy of history, ⴰⵙⴳⴷ, culture, ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ, philology, classical philology ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ, composer, pedagogue, classical philologist, music critic, playwright ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵎⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴳUniversity of Basel ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵛⵛⴳ1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1865, 1889 ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓLebensphilosophie ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏAlso sprach Zarathustra ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ
ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙCarl Ludwig Nietzsche ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙFranziska Nietzsche ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏCarl Ludwig Nietzsche, Franziska Nietzsche ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷUniversity of Bonn, Universität Leipzig, Domgymnasium Naumburg, Landesschule Pforta ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜUniversity of Bonn, Universität Leipzig, Domgymnasium Naumburg, Landesschule Pforta ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏdoctorate ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ
ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜfull professor ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ

ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ (1844 - 1900), ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ, ⴰⵙⴳⴷ, ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⴰ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷⴳ 1844 ⴷⵉ ⵔⵓⴽⵏ ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓ, ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵉ. ⵢⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴷⴳ 1900. ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ-ⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵛⵛⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵍⵛⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵔⵏ, ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ-ⵉⴱⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵍⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ[1]

ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
  • ⴰⵄⴷⴷⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵡⵎⴷⴰⵏ (ⵓⴱⵔⴷⴰⵢ / Übermensch):

ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⴷ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵇ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵄⴷⴷⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ-ⵉⵙ, ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵢⵔⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ-ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵖⴱⵓⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⴰⵇ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵟⵟⴼ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴽⴰⵏ.

  • ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ

ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⴷ "ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⵢⵎⵎⵓⵜ" - ⵎⴰⵛⵛⵉ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵄⵏⴰ ⴰⵃⵇⵇⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⴱⵖⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ-ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵄⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⴰⵎ ⵣⵉⴽ, ⴰⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵢⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ-ⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ-ⵉⵙ.

  • ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵉⵄⴰⵡⴷⵏ (ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵣⵔⵔⵉⵏ / Eternal Return):

ⵢⵏⵏⴰ-ⴷ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵇ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵃⵎⵎⵍ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ, ⴰⵍⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵇⴱⵍ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴷ-ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵜ. ⵡⴰⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ[2].

ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵜⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵔⵉⵅⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵅⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵊⵏⵉⴰⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ". ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ "ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵅⵎⵓⵢ" ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ "ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵅⵎⵓⵢ". ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ "ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵏⵡⵡⴰⵄⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴽⵯⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵜⵏⵜ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ".

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ. ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵜⴰⵏⵏ (ⴰⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵅⵎⵓⵢ) ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴹⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎⴷ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰ "ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴰⵔⵏ" ⵙ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵙⵇⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵀⵓⵎⵉⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉ. ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴷ "ⴰⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ" ⵉⵡⴰⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ: ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴷ "ⴰⵅⵎⵓⵢ" ⵉⵡⴰⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ: ⵉⵖⵓⵢⴰⴷ, ⵓⵅⵙⵉⵏ, ⵓⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵃⵇⵓⵔⵉⵜ; ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵎⵃⵇⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⴰⵀⵜ ⵡⴰⵃⴷⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵙⵜ[2].

  1. "ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⵊⵉⴷⵉⵜ" (Die Geburt der Tragödie, 1872)
  2. "ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ" (Menschliches, Allzumenschliches, 1878).
  3. "ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵀⵀⴰⵎⵜ" (Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, 1882).
  4. "ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵣⴰⵔⴰⵜⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰ" (Also sprach Zarathustra, 1883-1885).
  5. "ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ" (Jenseits von Gut und Böse, 1886).
  6. "ⵜⴰⵊⵏⵉⴰⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ" (Zur Genealogie der Moral, 1887).
  7. "ⴰⵎⴰⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵉⵍⵏ" (Götzen-Dämmerung, 1888)

ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ "ⵓⴱⵔⴷⴰⵢ" (Übermensch), "ⵜⴰⴷⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ" (Will to Power), ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵜ.

ⵏⵉⵜⵛ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ" ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵉⵙⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ.

ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⴰ
ⵣⴳ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴷ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⵉⵖ ⵜⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴷⵔⵓ ⴷ-ⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⴹⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ... ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴳⴳⵓⴷⵊⴰ.
ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⴰ

ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ, [4]

  1. ^ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ, ⵏⵉⵜⵛ (ⴰⵍⵊⴰⵣⵉⵔⴰ). "ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ, ⵓⵡⵉⵖⵏ ⴼⵉⵜⴽ, ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵉⵍⵢⴰⵙ ⴱⵉⴷⴰⵡⵉ, 2022.
  3. ^ ⵏⵉⵜⵛ, ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ (ⵏⵓⵕ ⴱⵓⴽ). "ⵏⵓⵔ ⴱⵓⴽ". {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help); Check date values in: |date= and |archive-date= (help)
  4. ^ https://www.facebook.com/100031736022189/posts/1223798218688034/?app=fbl