ⴰⵕⵟⵓⵕ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ
ⴰⵕⵟⵓⵕ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ (1788-1860) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴰⵢⵣⵜ/ⵜⵥⵕⵎⵣⵣⴰⵔⴽⵜ(ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵣⵣⵓⵔⴽⵜ) ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ.[1] ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴳⴳⴹⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵙⴹⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ. ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵕ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⵏⵟ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵢⵓⵛ(ⵜⴰⵔⵢⵓⵛⵜ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵜⵎ/ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵢⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵓⴷⵉ, ⴰⵎ ⵓⵍⵇⵇⵉ, ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵍⵍⵓ(ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ(ⴰⵖⴰⵍ) "ⵎⴰⵢⴰ". ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵅⵅⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ,[2] ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⵀ, ⴼⵔⵓⵢⴷ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ; ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵍⵙⵜⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴼⴰⴳⵏⵔ.
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴰⵢⵣⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵏⵣⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ[3]. ⴷ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷⵉⵍ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ[4]. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⴽⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵓⵙ, ⵜⵎⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵅⵎⵅⴰⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵀⴰⵏⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ; ⵉⵣⵖⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵡⵏⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵥⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⵊⵊⵉⵊ/ⵜⵎⵔⵔⴻⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⵖⵏⵏⴰⵏⵜ. ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵖ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵍⵉⵡⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ". ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵡⵍ/ⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ, ⵙ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵔⵇ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ, ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⴰⵙⵉⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⵓⵥⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵓⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ: ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ". ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ: ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ "ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏ/ⴰⵙⴷⵡⵏ", ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ "ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ". ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⴱⵓⵔ/ⵡⴰⵥⵉⵡ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⵎⴰⵢⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵙⵉⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵔⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ "ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ". ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴽⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⵖⵔⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴷⵃⴰⵢ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⵛⵉⵡⵏ(ⵜⴰⵣⵏⵉ/instincts) ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵓⵥⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵏⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ.
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ: ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ/ⵓⵖⵓⵔⵓⴼ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⴰⵙⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵡⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵊⴳⵓⴳⵓⵍ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ "ⵜⵣⵔⵓⵔⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵓⵔⵓⴼ". ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵏⵖ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵥⵓⵥⴹⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴰⵥⵓⵥⴹ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵜ/ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴹⵕⵉ ⵓⵥⵓⵥⴹ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ, ⴰⵎⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵡⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵥⵓⵥⴹ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵥⵓⴹ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵔ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ, ⵣⵄⵎⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ. ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴼⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵥⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵉⵍⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵏⴰⵣⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ.
ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴽⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ 1851, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ "Schopenhauer" ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ/ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵙ: "ⵜⴰⴽⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ" (The hedgehog's dilemma)[5], ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ/ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ (ⵎⴽⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ), ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵔⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⵣⴷⵉ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵣⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⴳⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴳⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵉⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴳⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ (ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵏⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ), ⴷ ⵖⵉⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵎⵖⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⵣⴷⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵔⴰⴳ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵇⵇⵙ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵏⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ (ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵖⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵄⵏⵡⴰ) ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵉⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⵯⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴳⵉⴳⵏⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ!
ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵅⵓⵎⴱⵍ ⴰⴷ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ "ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ", ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ, ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⴰⵏⵛⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⴰⵏ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ, ⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ.[6]
ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵉⵡⵔ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵖⵓ; ⵏⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⵣⵖⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵏⵎⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵉⵏ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵊⴷⵔ ⵉⴳ ⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵏⴰⵥ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵛⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵀⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓ. ⴷⴰⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵙ; ⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴳⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⴱⴰⵖⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴹⴼⵜ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓ. ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⴷⵓ ⵏⵖⴱⵣ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⵛⴰⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴼⵔⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵢ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵣⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⴹⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⵙ.[7]
ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵛⵉⵡ ⴰⵔⵉⵙⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴷⴰ ⵉⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ". ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⵔⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ "ⵓⵏⵛⵉⵡ ⴰⵔⵉⵙⴰⵏ" (instinct sexuel). ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵛⵉⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ/ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵙⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⴼⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵅⵓⵎⵎⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵔⴰⵡ, ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴹⵎⵏ/ⵜⴹⴽⵍ ⴰⵖⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ. ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏⵔⵔⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⴳⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ", ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⴽⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵛⵉⵡⵏ/ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵉⵏ.
ⵓⵏⵣⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⵎⵓⵎ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴽ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵊⵎ/ⵓⵏⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ "ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ". ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵉⵡⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ: ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ "ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ", ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⴽⵓⴷ/ⵓⵄⴹⵉⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵏⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵅⵍⵡⵉⵜ" (ascétisme) ⴷ ⵉⵔⴼⵙⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⵍⵣ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵛⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⴽⵉⵜ(ⵉⵎⴰⵏ) ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴽⴽⵉ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵥⵓⴹ, ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵏⵊⵎ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⴷⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵊⵎ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ.
ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ⴽⵓ ⴰⵎⵊⵊⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵖ ⴰⴱⵅⵅⵓⵢ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵔ ⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓⵏ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ.
- ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵅⴰⵚⵚⴰⵏ.
- ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰ.
- ⵜⴰⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ, ⴽⵓ ⴷⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵜ ⴰ ⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⴼⴰⴷ/ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ; ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ.
- ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴹⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵓⵖⵜ.
- ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎⴷ ⵜⴼⵉⵙⵙⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵖⵓⵔⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ.
- ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵖⵍⵏ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⵕⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⴽⵓⵛⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴰⵡ.
- ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵖⵉⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ.
- ⴽⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ.
- ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⴳⵉⴷ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ.
- ⵜⵉⴳⵓⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.
- ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵏⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵖⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵕⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ ⴰⵔⵜⵓⵕ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ (2004). Essays and Aphorisms. Penguin Classics. ⵜⵙ. 22–36. ISBN:978-0-14-044227-4. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵃⴹⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ 2021-03-08.
…but there has been none who tried with so great a show of learning to demonstrate that the pessimistic outlook is justified, that life itself is really bad. It is to this end that Schopenhauer's metaphysic of will and idea exists. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 4/12/2025
- ^ ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ).
- ^ Cartwright (2010). ⵜ. 9
- ^ Cartwright (2010). ⵜ. 79
- ^ ⴼⴰⵡⵣⵉ, ⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ (2024-12-09). "ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ | ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵊⴰⵡⴰⴷ, ⴰⵇⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ. (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 2025-12-04.
- ^ ⵏⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ, ⵜⴰⴽⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ 6 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2025 (ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 4 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
- ^ ⵏⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ, ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ , ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ 9 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2024ⵏ, (ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ). ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 4 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
| ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ | |
|---|---|
| ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ |
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| ⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ | |
| ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ | |
| ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ | |
| ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ | |
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