ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ/ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ

ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ: Albert Einstein) (14 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1879 – 18 ⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1955) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ, (ⵉⴼⵍ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ), ⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ" ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵕⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1921 ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ, ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵓⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ(ⵜⵎⴽⵜⵉⵜ) ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⵥⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ(Photoelectric)", ⴳⵔ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⴷⴰⵣⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ (E=mc²), ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴷ ⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵍⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵥⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵓⴼ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴷⵜ/ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ.

ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ "ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ (ⴰⵏⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ), ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵢⵢⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⴰⵕⵓⵎⵖⵏⴰⵟⵉⵚⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ (ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ) ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ (1902 - 1909) ⴳ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ. ⵉⵎⴰ "ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ", ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1915, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⴷⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ. ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ(ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ) ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ, ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ.

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴽⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1895, ⵉⴼⵍ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ (ⴰⵎ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⵜⵎⴱⵉⵔⴳ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ (1895 - 1914) ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⴷⵉⵔⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵔⵉⵅ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1900. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ 1901, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1905 ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵓⵔⵉⵅ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ (ⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏ) ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ (ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ "ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ") ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ. ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵕⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵔⵉⵅ ⴳⵔ 1912 ⴷ 1914 ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⵓ ⵙ ⴱⵉⵔⵍⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1933, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴹⵓⵍⴼ ⵀⵉⵜⵍⵔ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ. ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⴳ 1940. ⴳ ⵓⵎⵉⵏⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵖⵥⵏ/ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⴽⵍⵉⵏ ⵕⵓⵥⴼⵍⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵖⴹⴼ ⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ "ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴼⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵢⴰⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ", ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍ ⵖⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ "ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵀⴰⵜⵏ". ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ/ⵉⵎⵥⵟⵟⵉⴹⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴷⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⵓⴽⴽⵉ ⴰⵖⵢⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⵔⵉⴳ. ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⵖⴼ "ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⵏ ⵕⴰⵙⵍ-ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ" ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ ⴱⵉⵔⵜⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⵕⴰⵙⵍ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵖⵢⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⵉⵏⵙⵟⵓⵏ, ⵏⵢⵓ ⵊⵉⵔⵣⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1955.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ

ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍⵎ, ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⵜⵎⴱⵉⵔⴳ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵅ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 14 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1879 ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ/ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⴽⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵛⴽⵉⵏⴰⵣⵉⵢⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ, ⴷ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⴽⵓⵅ. ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1880 ⵖⵔ ⵎⵢⵓⵏⵉⵅ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵄⵎⵎⵉⵙ/ⵓⵏⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⴽⵓⴱ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ "Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie" ⵉ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵏ/ⵉⵣⵓⴱⴷⴰⵏ.

ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵢⵓⵏⵉⵅ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ. ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ Luitpold-Gymnasium (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵙ Albert-Einstein-Gymnasium) ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ.

(ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ...)