ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ
ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ  | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ | ⵃⵎⴰⴷ, Ahmad  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵎⵉⵜ, ⵉⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1961 |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ |  ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵙⴳⴷⵜ[2] |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ | irreligion |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | |
| ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ | ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ |
| ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵛⵛⴳ | ⵙⴳ 1979[1] |
| ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ | |
| ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ | ⵎⵕⵢⴰⵎ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵢⴰⵙ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ  | |
ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴹ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أحمد عصيد, ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: Ahmed Assid) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ[1]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.[3][4]. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1984, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1988 ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⵎⴰⴷ, ⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1979, ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ.[1][5][6]
ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ, ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ, ⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⵛⵛⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ. ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⴰⵡ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ.[1][5][4][7][8]
ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1961. ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1965 ⴰⵔ 1980, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵕⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⵜⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ. ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1988.[1]
ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ:
- ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ 2002-2006
- ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵙⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ 1996-2002
- ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ 1996-1998
- ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ 1999-2001.
- ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
- ⴰⵎⴰⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⴳⴳⴰ.
- ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ: ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ "ⴰⵏⵓⴳⴳⴰ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⴻⵥⵜ" ⴷ "ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ" ⴷ "ⵓⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ". [5][1]
ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ 2014-2017, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⴰⵡ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵍⴼⴰⵣⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.[5][1]
ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ:[1]
- ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ-ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, 1998.
- ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ, 2002.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, 2009.
- ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, 2010.
- ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔⵏ "ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵡⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 20", 2012.
- ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, 2015.
- ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ, 2017.
ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ:[1]
- ⴰⵏⵄⵉⴱⴰⵕ, 1996
ⵜⵉⴷⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ:[1]
- ⵜⴰⵏⵟⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ, 2009.
- ⵜⴰⵏⵟⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, 2010.
- ⵜⴰⵏⵟⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, 2011.
- ⴰⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵙⵏⴰ 1995-1996.
- ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵍⴱⵏⵙⵉⵔ 1999.
- ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽ 1999.
- ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ 2002.
ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ:[1]
- ⵃⵎⵎⵓ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵉⵔ, 1999.
- ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴳⵎⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ, 2005
- ⵉⵣⵎ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵢⵓⵍⵜ, 2005
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴱⵔⵉⵙ
- ^ ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵃⵎⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2024, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ 04/08/2025
- ^ "Ahmed Assid, un militante de los ‘hombres libres’ del Magreb", El Pais, 9 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2013
- ^ a b Zahiri, Ahmed. "Ahmed Assid…a Free Thinker in a Country Controlled by Dogmatic Ideology", Amazigh World News, 21 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2016.
- ^ a b c d ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⵣⵉⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴰⴹⴰⵕⵉⵜ
- ^ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵕⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵀⵉⵙⴱⵔⵉⵙ
- ^ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵙⴱⵔⵉⵙ
- ^ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴱⵔⵉⵙ
- Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls
- ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ
- ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
- ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ
- ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
- ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ
- ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
- ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
- ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ
- ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
- ⵜⴰⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ
- ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ 1961
- ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
- ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
- ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
- ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
- ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
- ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
- ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ
- ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ
- ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
- ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
- ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ
- ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ
- ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ
- ⵉⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵏ
- ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ
- ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ
- ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ
- ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ