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ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
Has edition or translationMorocco's Constitution of 2011, 1996 Moroccan Constitution ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⵥⵍ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1908 [1]ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ "ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵛⵛⴰⵎ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵖⴼ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ.[2]

ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1962, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1972 ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1992 ⴷ 1996 ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 2011, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⵟⵉⴼ ⵍⵏⵎⵏⵏⵓⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ/ⵉⴱⴳⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1904

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1904, ⴰⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵔⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵣⵏⵉⴱⵔ ⵉ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵏⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵃⵡⵡⵥⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ: «ⴰⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵏⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ(ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱⵉⵜ) ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ»[3], ⵙⴳ ⵓⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵟⵟⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ:

ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ.

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⴷ/ⴰⵎⵓⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵍⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵉⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵢ.

ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ/ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵏⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ.

ⴰⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ.

ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵖⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵣⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ.

ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⵃⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵉⵕⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ/ⵓⵙⵜⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ.

ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1908

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1908 ⴳⵔ ⵢⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ "ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ", ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵃⴰⴼⵉⴹ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵕⴰⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙⴳ 93 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵟⵟⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⵏ/ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⴳⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵥⵍⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⴰⵣⵉⵣ ⵉ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵃⴰⴼⵉⴹ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴼⴰⴷⴰⵏ.

ⵉ ⵜⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵟⵟⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵡⵀⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ.[4]

ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1908 ⴳ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵟⵟⵓⵜⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ".[5]

ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉ ⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
"ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ" 1908

ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ, ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⵓⴼⴰ/ⵜⵍⵍⵓⴳⵏⴰ ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵏⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ, ⴰⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵄⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⵓⴳⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⵏⵍⴰⴼ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵜ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⴰⵔⴼⵓ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⵓⴼⵉⵔⵊⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ «ⵉⴼⵍⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵍⵍⴰⴱ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴰⴹ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵉⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏ». ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⵉⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.

ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵅⴹⵉ/ⵓⵄⴹⵉⵍ(Provisoire)

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1960 ⴳ 3 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⵖⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴹⴰⵀⵉⵕ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ/ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ ⵓⵄⴹⵉⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴰⵖⴰ ⵓⴹⴰⵀⵉⵕ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵡⴹ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⵉⵀⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ.

ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ 27 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1961, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ 3 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1961, ⵙ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵍⴰ/ⵓⴳⴰⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⴷ/ⵓⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⴰⵀⵉⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ 1.61.187 ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴳ 8 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1961.

ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1960  : ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ : ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ 1963[6]

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1970  : ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ : ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ 1970[7]

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1972  : ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ : ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ 1977[8]

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1992  : ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ : ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ 1993[9]

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1996 : ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ : ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ 1997[10]

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 2011

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 2011[11] ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⴷ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⴰⵙ 20 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2011. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴳ 17 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2011, ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵟⵟⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵏⴰⵏⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵓⵥⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ/ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ" ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵕⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴳⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵜⵔⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ.

ⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ/ⵓⵙⵇⵓⴹⴻⴹ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵖⴰⵢ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵖⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉ. ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵔ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴹⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴷ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]

ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⵓ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢ; ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵖⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳⵔ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴼ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ:

  1. ⴰⵙⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵔⵉ.
  2. ⴰⴷⵙⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ.
  3. ⴰⴷⵙⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ, ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴹⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⵊ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵉ.
  4. ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ, ⵙ ⵜⵏⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ: ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵍⴰⵢ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ" ⵖⵔ "ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ", ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ; ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ/ⵜⴼⵍⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ.
  5. ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ; ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ, ⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ/ⵓⵙⵖⵥⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵙⴳ 30 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ, ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 60 ⴳ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔⵏ.
  6. ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵕⵡⴰⵏ, ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔ/ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵔ; ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⴻⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ.
  7. ⴰⵙⵡⴰⵔ/ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ/ⵓⵙⵣⵔⴼ, ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵏⴳⴰ ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ; ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵜⵓⵜⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵉⴳ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ, ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ.
  8. ⴰⴷⵙⵜⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵊⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵉ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ, ⵙ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⴰⵏ.
  9. ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ/ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ; ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⴹⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵉⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵉⴹⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵅⵉⴷⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⵔⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵙⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵣⵡⵔ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ.[12]

ⵜⴰⵙⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ
ⴰⵙⵉⵎⵡⴰⵙ 1 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2011 ⴰⵎⵛⴰⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⴼ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ %98.49 ⵢⴰⵀ | %1.51 ⵓⵀⵓ

ⵜⵉⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ :

ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵣⴰⵢⵏ 13.449.495
ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ 9.885.020
ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵔⵏ 88.749
ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ 9.796.271
ⵢⴰⵀ 9.650.237
ⵓⵀⵓ 146.034

ⵜⵉⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ :

ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵣⴰⵢⵏ 269.646
ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵔⵏ 2.494
ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ 267.152
ⵢⴰⵀ 259.119
ⵓⵀⵓ 8.033

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
  1. ^ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵍⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵉ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⵙ, 100 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ 1908, 03/10/2008, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  2. ^ ⵡⴰⵢ ⴱⴰⴽ ⵎⴰⵛⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  3. ^ ⴱⵓⵛⵄⵉⴱ ⵃⵎⵕⴰⵡⵉ, ⵖⴼ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1904, 17 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2012, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  4. ^ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1908, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  5. ^ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 1908, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  6. ^ ⴰⵍⵊⴰⵣⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵔⴰ, 03/10/2004, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  7. ^ ⵀⵉⵙⴱⵔⵉⵙ.ⴽⵓⵎ, ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ, 23 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2011, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⵉⵔ 2025.
  8. ^ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ 24, ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1977, 27 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2023, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  9. ^ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵏ 1993, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  10. ^ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵏ 1997, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.
  11. ^ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ, ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ 2011, ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2011, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025
  12. ^ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ 2011, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.